Niobium nitride is a compound of niobium and nitrogen (nitride) with the chemical formula NbN. It is a compound of niobium and nitrogen, known for its superconducting properties, especially at microwave frequencies. At low temperatures (about 16 K) NbN becomes a superconductor, and is used in detectors for infrared light. It is often used in applications like superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities, quantum computing, and other advanced electronic devices.
Properties
NbN exhibits superconductivity at relatively high temperatures for a superconductor, making it useful in various applications. It can withstand high magnetic fields, which is beneficial in many technological applications. It can be deposited onto substrates using techniques like sputtering and chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
- Chemical formula: NbN
- Molar mass: 106.91 g/mol
- Appearance: gray solid
- Density: 8.470 g/cm3
- Melting point: 2,573 °C (4,663 °F; 2,846 K)
- Solubility in water: reacts to form ammonia
NbN is a type-II superconductor, exhibiting superconductivity at temperatures below approximately 16 K. This property makes it valuable in various applications, such as in superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) and particle detectors. NbN is known for its hardness and resistance to wear, making it suitable for coatings that require durability.
Electrical Conductivity
As a superconductor, NbN has excellent electrical conductivity below its critical temperature, allowing for efficient current flow with no resistance. NbN is stable at high temperatures, maintaining its properties under various thermal conditions.
Occurrences
NbN does not occur naturally as a distinct mineral. Niobium (Nb) is primarily found in minerals such as columbite and pyrochlore, while nitrogen (N) is abundant in the atmosphere.
Applications
- Quantum Computing: Used in superconducting qubits and other components.
- Microwave Electronics: Employed in detectors and amplifiers due to its high-frequency response.
- Infrared Detectors: Utilized in bolometers and other infrared sensing technologies.
