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Atmospheric circulation refers to the large-scale flow of air across the Earth caused by temperature and pressure variations. It is the large-scale movement of air…

A butterfly valve is a valve that isolates or controls the flow of fluid. The closing mechanism consists of a rotating disk. It is a…

Electromagnetic forming (EMF) is a high-velocity, cold-forming method for electrically conductive metals, most notably copper and aluminum. It is a high-speed forming method that uses…

A magnetic bearing is a type of bearing that sustains a load by magnetic levitation. Magnetic bearings provide mechanical support for moving parts without requiring…

A forward converter is a sort of switching power supply circuit that converts a DC input voltage into a higher or lower DC output voltage.…

Plate tectonics is a scientific hypothesis that describes the large-scale movement of the Earth’s lithosphere. According to scientific theory, the Earth’s lithosphere is made up…

The continental crust is the layer of Earth’s crust that makes up the continents. The geological continents and the shallow seafloor at their shores, known…

Diaphragm valves (or membrane valves) are made up of a valve body with two or more ports, a flexible diaphragm, and a “weir or saddle”…

According to models, summer rainfall in southern Europe might plummet by up to 48% by 2100 if greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise at their…

In electrical and electronics engineering, wetting current is the minimal electric current required to break through the surface layer resistance of a contact. It is…

Cathodic modification refers to improvements or alterations made to a metal structure’s cathodic protection system in order to increase its efficacy in preventing corrosion. It…

Anodic protection (AP), also known as anodic control, is a technique for preventing corrosion on a metal surface by using it as the anode of…