Physics

Cryogenic treatment is the process of cooling materials to cryogenic temperatures temporarily to improve their material properties at room temperature. It is the process of…

Refrigeration is the process of removing heat from an enclosed space or from a substance for the purpose of lowering the temperature. The term refrigeration…

Cryogenic hardening is a cryogenic treatment process where the material is cooled to approximately −185 °C (−301 °F), usually using liquid nitrogen. It is a…

In physics, cryogenics is the production and behavior of materials at very low temperatures. It is the production of and behavior of materials at very…

Thermotunnel cooling is a new physical principle for heat engines and heat pumps, based on the tunnel effect and has similarities with a thermocouple. It…

A Cryogenic processor is a unit designed to reach ultra-low temperatures (usually around −300 °F / −150 °C) at a slow rate in order to…

In condensed matter physics, quantum hydrodynamics is most generally the study of hydrodynamic-like systems that demonstrate quantum mechanical behavior. Quantum hydrodynamics in superfluid helium and…

Reducing pollutants in the air is important for human health and the environment. Poor air quality has harmful effects on human health, particularly the respiratory…

Regenerative cooling is a method of cooling gas, utilizing the rapid expansion of a compressed portion of the gas, before it becomes liquid, to cool…

A cryocooler is a device used to cool the environment and anything inside it to extremely cold temperatures. A refrigerator designed to reach cryogenic temperatures…

A humidifier is a device, primarily an electrical appliance, that increases humidity in a single room or an entire building. They are devices that emit…

The photoacoustic effect or optoacoustic effect is the formation of sound waves following light absorption in a material sample. It relies on the differential thermoelastic…