Science

New Ireland (Tok Pisin: Niu Ailan) or Latangai, an island of the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea, southwestern Pacific Ocean. It takes its name from…

Microbial toxins are chemical substances that are produced by microorganisms. They are toxins produced by micro-organisms, including bacteria and fungi. They can occur naturally in…

Cyanotoxins are toxins produced by bacteria called cyanobacteria. It also referred to as blue-green algae, are microscopic organisms that live primarily in fresh water and…

Aquatic Toxicology is a multidisciplinary branch that includes the study of natural and synthetic toxicants and their effects that are leading to toxicity of aquatic…

Mordenite: Properties and Occurrences Mordenite is hydrated sodium, potassium, and calcium aluminosilicate mineral in the zeolite family. It is a zeolite mineral with the chemical…

Ecotoxicology is the science devoted to the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on an ecosystem’s structure, functions, and biodiversity. It is the study…

Toxicology is the scientific study of adverse effects that occur in living organisms due to chemicals. It is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry,…

Bougainville Island (Tok Pisin: Bogenvil), Papua New Guinea’s easternmost island, in the Solomon Sea, in the Pacific Southwest. It formed the principal landmass of the…

Nanotoxicology represents a new and growing research area in toxicology. It is the study of the toxicity of nanomaterials. The field of nanotoxicology is nascent…

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylindrical molecules that consist of rolled-up sheets of single-layer carbon atoms (graphene). They are tubes made of carbon with diameters typically…

The Buka Island, Papua New Guinea, is the second-largest island in the Bougainville Autonomous Zone of the Southwestern Pacific Ocean, in the Solomon Sea. It…

Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers. It is the use of matter on an…