A Study on Loan and Advances of Uttara Bank Limited

General Objective:

The general objective of the study is to figure out the Loan and Advances of Uttara Bank Ltd

Specific objectives are:

1. To have idea regarding various types of Loan and Advances of Uttara Bank Limited.

2. To identify the loan sanction procedure in different sectors in last some years.

3. To identify the credit approval, their securities and monitoring process of Uttara Bank Limited

4. To know the loan and advances activities of Uttara Bank Ltd. at shyamoli branch.

5. To identify the recovery rates of the loans in different sectors in last some years and have a comparison among them.

6. To identify the problems regarding loan and advances and give some recommendations         for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of Loan and Advances services.

 Methodology

 Sources of Data

 In order to make the study more meaningful and presentable two sources of data have been used such as—–

 The primary sources that include  

 Conversation with the respective officers and staffs of the branch.

• Practical work experience in the different desk of the department of the branch.

 The Secondary sources are enlisting bellow-

 Annual Report of Uttara Bank Ltd.

• Website of the Uttara Bank Ltd.
• Several books and periodicals related to the banking sector.
• Bangladesh Bank Report
• Different circular sent by the head Office of Uttara Bank Ltd.

 Scope of the Study

The scope of the study includes the organizational structure, background and objective, functional, departmental and business performance of UBL as a whole and the main part covers loan and advance of UBL.

 Limitations of the Study:

Like any other study the limitations of the study is not out of questions. But the following factors seem to me the main points of weakness of this study:

• One major limitation was the time constraint. The duration of the study was only three months, which disabled many opportunities.
• Some essential data could not be gathered because of confidentiality concerns. The raw data available in the organization’s database management system which was also not properly organized.
• Another limitation was that the data gathered could not be verified for accuracy.
• Lack of in-depth knowledge and analytical ability for writing such report.

 Introduction

Uttara bank is one of the largest and oldest private sector commercial bank in Bangladesh. It has 211 branches at home and 600 affiliates worldwide create efficient networking and reach capability.UBL adapts new technology both in terms of equipment  and banking practice ensures efficient service to its clients.

Uttara bank was incorporated as a public limited company on 29^th June in 1983.Total equity(capital and reserve)  of the bank as on 31^st December stood as taka on 802,243,079.The Authorized capital of this bank is taka 200,000,000/-(Taka twenty crores) only divided into taka 2,000,000/- (Taka twenty lack) ordinary shares of taka 100/-(one hundred) . As per Bangladesh Bank BCD Circular No. 34, dated November 16, 1989, provision for classified loans and advances are to be made for Tk. 343.56 crore out of which Tk. 214.52 crore has been provided for in the Accounts up to December 31, 2000. Bangladesh Bank vide there letter, dated 26.05.1998 has allowed time to make full provision within the year 2001.

Uttara bank performs all traditional commercial banking functions. These bank has correspond relationships with 600 foreign banks/bank offices and exchange houses in 72 countries.UBL formed taking overall the assets and Liabilities of the ‘Eastern Banking Corporation Ltd.’ of Former East Pakistan. It was the only Bengali owned private bank in East Pakistan. UBL worked as a nationalized Bank over a decade. It was denationalized in Sept. 15, 1983 as per Ordinance No. XLVII of 1983. Since 1983 it is known as Uttara Bank Limited.

UBL is one of the largest private banks in Bangladesh bank. There total number of employees nearly 3,562.The board of Directors consists of 13 members. .It operates 211 fully computerized branches ensuring best possible and fastest services to its value clients. The bank is headed by the managing director who is the chief executive officer. The head office is located at Motijheel  in capital city of Dhaka. The Bank is listed in the Dhaka Stock Exchange Ltd. and Chittagong Stock Exchange Ltd. as a publicly quoted company for trading of its shares. With the objective of attracting the Bangladeshi wage earners abroad and the non-resident foreigners to invest in Bangladesh, the bank offered them the opportunity to open non-resident foreign currency deposit accounts and foreign currency current deposit accounts with it. By sides the bank consists of major divisions named 1) Corporate banking, 2) Retail banking, 3) Treasury, 4) Small & Medium Enterprise (SME). At present the bank operating its business by 211 branches.

 Vision of Uttara bank ltd:

To be the best private commercial bank in Bangladesh in terms of efficiency, assets competence, asset quality, sound management and profitability having strong liquidity. Uttara Bank will be a unique organization in Bangladesh. It will be a knowledge-based organization where the Uttara Bank professionals will learn continuously from their customers and colleagues worldwide to add value. They will work as a team, stretch themselves, innovate and break barriers to serve customers and create customer loyalty through a value chain of responsive and professional service delivery.

Uttara Bank Ltd. will serve its customers with respect and will work very hard to inspire a strong customer service culture throughout the bank. It will treat its employees with dignity and will build a company of highly qualified professionals who have integrity and believe in the Bank’s vision and who are committed to its success.

Mission of Uttara bank ltd:

The bank has some mission to achieve the organizational goals. Some of them are as follows:-

• Uttara Bank Limited provides high quality financial services to strengthen the well-being and success of individual, industries and business communities.

• The Bank has remained dynamic in its continued efforts to improve & increase core competence & service efficiency by constantly upgrading product quality, service standards, protocol and their effective participation making use of state of the art technology.

• UBL intends to play more important role in the economic development of Bangladesh and its financial relations with the rest of the world by interlinking both modernistic and international operations.

• Its aim to ensure their competitive advantages by upgrading banking technology and information system

• The bank looks forward with excitement and a commitment to bring greater benefits to customers.

• The bank intends to meet the needs of their clients and enhance their profitability by creating corporate market.

  Goal of UBL:

• Short Term Goal: Increase financial services day by day. Earn satisfactory profit by giving services to the customer.
• Long term Goal: Maximize the wealth of shareholders and want to be a leading bank in the banking sector of Bangladesh.

  Objectives of Uttara bank:

The objective of uttara bank limited is very specific. Now we can discuss about the objective of uttara bank limited-

• Building a strong relationship with customers and focus what they want based on integrity, superior service.
• To strive for profit and sound growth.
• To creating an honest, open and enabling environment.
• To value and respect of people and make decisions based on merit.
• To work as a team to serve the best interest of our owners.
• To responsible, trustworthy and law-abiding in all that we do.
• To mobilize the savings and channeling it out as loan and advances as the company approve.
• To finance the international trade both import and export.
• To develop the standard of living of the limited income group by providing consumer credit.
• To establish, maintain, carry on, transact and undertake all kinds of investment and financial business including underwriting, managing and distributing the issue of stocks, debentures and other securities.
• To base reward and recognition on performance.
• To value the feet that they are the members of uttara bank family committed to the creation of employment opportunities across Bangladesh.
• To finance the industry, trade and commerce in both the conventional way and by offering customer friendly credit service.
• To encourage new entrepreneurs for investment and thus to develop the countries industry sector and contribute to the economic development.

2.1.6 Number of branches:

 Uttara Bank Limited (UBL) is a private commercial Bank in Bangladesh. Uttara Bank Ltd. is one of the largest and oldest private-sector commercial bank in Bangladesh, with years of experiences. It has 211 branches all over the Bangladesh through which it carries out all its banking activities.

2.2 Uttara Bank at a glance

UBL is one of the largest private banks in Bangladesh.

It operates through 211 fully computerized branches ensuring best possible and fastest services to its valued clients.

The bank has more than 600 foreign correspondents world wide.

Total number of employees nearly  3,562.

The Board of Directors consists of 13 members.

The bank is headed by the Managing Director who is the Chief Executive Officer.

The Head Office is located at Bank’s own 18-storied building at Motijheel, the commercial center of the capital, Dhaka.

  Different Wings

 Name of the Division                       Affiliated Departments

 Human Resources Division                 Personnel Department

                                                            Disciplinary Department

         Test Key Department

                                                            Research & Planning Department

           Risk Management Department

  Central Accounts Division                Accounts Department

                                                            Reconciliation Department

   Credit Division                                  Approval Department

                                                            Admin. & Monitoring Department

                                                            Lease Finance Department

                                                            Recovery Department

  Internal Control & Compliance         Audit & Inspection Department

 Division                                             Monitoring Department

                                                            Compliance Department

  Banking Control & Common            Anti-Money Laundering Department

 Services Division                              Branches Operation Department

                                                            Business Promotion Department

                                                            Public Relations Department

  Board & Share Division                    Board Department

                                                            Share Department

  International Division                       Correspondence Banking Department

                                                            Remittance Department

                                                            Trade Services Department

  Treasury Division                              Front Office (Dealing Room)

                                                            Back Office

                                                            Asset & Liability Management Department

  Establishment Division                     General Services Department

                                                            Transport Department

                                                            Stationery & Records Department

                                                            Engineering Department

  Information & Communication         MIS Department

 Technology (I CT) Division              Development & Support Department

                                                            Card Department

  Corporate Banking Division             Credit Marketing Department

                                                            Credit Business Development Department

 Regional Offices

 Dhaka Central Zone                            Dhaka North Zone

Dhaka South Zone                              Narayanganj Zone

Mymensing Zone                                Chittagong Zone

Sylhet Zone                                         Bogra Zone

Rajshahi Zone                                     Khulna Zone

Barishal Zone                                      Comilla Zone

Organogram for Uttara bank limited:

2.2.3 Manpower development

Manpower Position Of Last 5 Years

Approximately 600 officials were recruited in 2010 to meet the additional requirement of manpower to handle the increased volume of business, and to man new branches and also to bring all the officials within the training program of the Bank.

Table no; 01:  Manpower Position Of Last 5 Years

2.2.4    Product and services:

UBL has different kind of product and services. Its 211 branches carry out all its Banking activities very significantly. Now we can describe about Uttara Banks product and services-

Products-

Personal banking products-

• Personal loan.
• Vacation loan.
• Car loan.
• Any purpose loan.
• Small business loan.
• Different deposit scheme;
• Monthly saving scheme(MSS)
• Monthly benefit scheme(MBS)
• Double growth deposit scheme.
• Uttaran consumer –credit scheme.
• Money gram.
• LC.

Services-

As financial services UBL provides some services to its clients. These ares-

• Corporate Banking
• Personal Banking
• SME services
• Capital market services.
• Telephone and internet banking services.

2.3   Reasons to choose of Uttara Bank Limited

Interpretation: In this graph it is shown that about 50% of the total partners chose UBL’s loan and advances service for its better capability to loan sanction, 30% for their little amount of rate of return, 10% for its expertise service, 5% for its well-known top position and 5% for its motivational activities.

 Interpretation: Almost 60% partners say that rate of return is comparable to other institutions, 20% for evaluation of clients, and 15% for providing of expertise knowledge and 5% for its inspection system.

3.1 Loan and Advances:

Loan and advances granted by Uttara bank are highly beneficial for firms, individuals, companies and industrial concerns. Loan may be regarded as credit granted where the money is disbursed and its recovery is made on a later date. It is a debt for the borrower. Advance is a credit facility granted by the bank. Bank granted advances for short term purposes. Loan and advances granted by banks help in meeting short term and long term financial needs of business enterprises. Loan and Advances comprise the most important asset as well as the primary sources of earning of the bank .On the other hand .loan is also the major sources of risk for the bank management A prudent bank management should always try to make an appropriate balance between return and risk involved with the loan portfolio and unregulated bank might be with unregulated risk for maximizing its potential return .In such a situation, bank might find itself in a serious financial distress instead of improving its financial health .Consequently not only the depositors but also the general shareholders will be deprived of getting back their money from the bank.

Loans and advances mean lending made by the bank to weak clients for earning interest. Main objective of the loans and advances is to earn profit for the bank. On an average of 75%to 80% of the banks earning come from interest received against the loans and advances of a bank.

The role played by banks in business world by way of loans and advances are as follows-

• Bank does not interfere with the use, management and control of borrowed money but takes care to ensure that the money lent is used only in business purpose.
• Loan and advances are utilized for making payment of current liabilities, wages and salaries of the employees and also the tax liability of business.
• Loan and Advances from banks are found to be economical for traders and businessman because banks charge a reasonable rate of interest on such loans and advances.
• Loan and advances can be arranged from banks in keeping with the flexibility in business operation.
• Loan and advances by Banks generally carry element of secrecy with it. Banks are duty-bound to maintain secrecy of their transactions with the customers.

3.2 Types of Loan and advances of Uttara bank ltd:

Uttara bank has different type of loans. As per banking company act 1991 every company has to maintain a specified minimum (presently 16%) of the total of its demand and time liabilities in the form of cash and approved securities with Bangladesh Bank. .This percentage or ratio is termed statutory liquid ratio. The Bank continued to consolidate and diversify its portfolio in 2010 to have a diversified client base and portfolio distribution across the sectors to reduce client specific concentration and industry specific concentration and to reduce overall portfolio risk. In 2010 Uttara Bank Ltd registered a steady growth in the credit portfolio posting a growth of 23.37 percent. Total loans and advances of the bank stood at taka 48,672.7 million during the year 2010 as compared to TK 39,451.4 million of the previous year .Average loan per Branch stood at TK 230.7 million .Sector wise allocations of advances revealed a well- diversified portfolio of the bank with balanced exposure in different sectors. His percentage or ratio is termed statutory liquid ratio. Commercial banks allow different forms of advances.

Uttara bank limited,shyamoli branch is situated in shyamoli, Dhaka which is very importent place in Dhaka city.It is a very big and important branch of UBL. These branches give different type of loans to its borrower. These are;

• CC  Hypo (Cash credit hypo)
• CC Pledge (Cash credit Pledge)
• Consumer Credit Scheme(CCS)
• Overdraft (Second overdraft)
• UHRL (Uttaran Houseing Repairing Loan)
• SBL (Small Business Loan )
• Agricultural Loan
• PLS (Personal Loan)
• IBP.
• LTR.
• Women Entrepreneurship

  Cash credit (Hypothecation):

Cash Credit allowed against hypothecation of good is known as Cash Credit (HYPO) limit. In case of hypothecation, the borrower retains the ownership and possession of goods on which charge of the lending bank is created.

Under this arrangement a credit is sanctioned against hypothecation of the raw materials or finished goods. The letter of hypothecation creates a charge against the goods in favor of the Bank but neither the ownership nor its possession is passed on to it; only a right or interest in the goods is created in favor of the Bank and the borrower binds himself to give possession of the goods to the bank when called upon to do so. When the possession is handed over, the charge is converted into pledge. This type of facility is generally given to the reputed borrowers of undoubted integrity.

 Charge of Uttara bank limited is 15%. The bank should take the following precaution.

 The banker should carefully verify the stocks of hypothecated goods and their market price.

• Stocks should be duly insured against fired burglary.
• Bank should try obtaining sufficient collateral security.
• Periodical statement of stock duly signed by the borrower should be obtained.
•  The goods are readily saleable and have good demand in the market.
• The borrower should be trustworthy and prudent customer.
• The price of the goods, offered as security, is to be calculated as per purchase price or market price whichever is lower.
• The price of goods is steady etc.

   Cash credit (Pledge):

Cash credit allowed against pledge of good is known as Cash Credit (Pledge).In case of Cash credit (Pledge), the borrower pledge his goods to the bank as security against the Credit facility. Banks retain the effective control of the pledged goods. Pledge goods may be stored in a go down of the borrower but under lock and key of the bank. Banks guards are posted to protect the go down sometimes; pledges goods are in Banks go down.

For CC loan every individual have to show some papers of their property. These are –

• Original title deed
• Bia deed(minimum 25 years ownership)
• Mutation porcha
• Land revenue receipt and holding tax receipt.
• Maath jorip porcha.
• RAJUK Approval Plan.
• Picture of the property.
• Owners photograph (4 copies).
• Valuation certificate.
• NEC(Non Encumbered Certificate)
• Location Map.

If a person wants to take CC loan for his shop he has to submit some papers. These ares-

• Applicants photograph.
• Up-to-date trade license.
• Contract deed of rental shop.
• Stocks of goods position.
• Balance sheet of 3 years.
• Account statement.
• TIN Certificate.
• National ID Card.

Small Business Loan (SBL):

In case of SBL the borrower will get loan from the bank against his business. Here the bank will charge against the amount of loan. Maximum limit of the loan is TK 5 lac. Uttara bank Ltd Charges 15% interest against the amount.

Bank will obtain following documentation from the borrower.

 Photographs of borrower.

• Commissioner Certificate/ ID card/ Passport/ Photocopy as the identity of the borrower.
• Photographs of the mortgage property.
• Documentation of property (Dalil,Parcha,Khajna rasit)etc.
• Valuation of the property.
• Audit report of the property.
• Six months bank statement.
• Report of CIB.

  Consumer credit schemes

The Bank distributed loan of Tk.6.4 million and 886.7 million during the year 2010 under two special project namely “Uttara Consumer Loan Scheme “and Uttaran House Repairing and Renovation Scheme  “respectively . The outstanding balance of the same stood at Tk. 84.1 million and Tk 4,315.5 million respectively at the end of the year 2010.It may be mentioned here that the recovery rate in these schemes is satisfactory

Prudential Regulations for Consumer Financing Regarding financing the purchase of used vehicles Bangladesh Bank, Banking Regulation & policy Department, Head office, Dhaka issued a BRPD Circular letter No. 15 dated 20/12/2010 in relation with financing on Auto vehicles loan which is respected below, for meticulous compliance, Banking Regulation & policy Department Bangladesh Bank, Head Office, Dhaka-1000.

Prudential Regulation for consumer Financing please refers to Regulation 21 of Guideline for Regulation for Auto (Loan) Circular vides BRPD Circular No.33 dated November 2010.

 Special features:

• No collateral security is required.
• Quick sanction.
• Simple rate of interest.
• Maximum loan amount Tk 3,00,000/-
• 5% Incentive on total interest charged.

 Personal Loan:

The banks desirous of financing the purchase of used vehicles shall prepare uniform guidelines for determining value of the used vehicles, however, the bank shall only finance the vehicles imported as described in the existing import policy order, to cater the urgent financial need of the service holders having limited income bank introduced loan scheme. The outstanding balance of the same stood at Tk2.0 million at the end of the year 2010.

Special features:

• Any permanent salaried employee aged between 20 to 55 years is eligible to loan.
• No collateral security is required.
• Maximum amount of loan Tk 100000/-
• Maximum period of loan upto 3 years.

  Uttaran housing Repairing Loan:

 In case of UHRL the borrower will get loan from the bank by giving mortgage of his property. Here the bank will charge against the amount of Loan. Maximum limit of the loan is TK.25 lac. Uttara bank Ltd charges 15% interest against the amount.

Bank will obtain following documentation from the borrower:

• Photographs of Borrower.
• Commissioner Certificate/ ID card/ Passport photocopy as the identity of the borrower.
• Photographs of the mortgage property.
• Documentation of property (Dalil, Parcha, Khajna, Rasid etc.)
• Valuation of property
• Audit report of the property
• Six months bank statements.
• Report of CIB.

Purpose:

• To help genuine House/ Building/ Flat owners to undertake repairing, renovation works for better living or increasing rental income.
•  To help the owners of House/ Building/ Flat to get loans at a minimum time & without any hurdles.
• To contribute towards development of socio-economic condition of the society.
• To improve the standard of service holders and self employed persons or Retired Government Officers, excluding Businessmen, developer.

 Interest and other charges:

Interest:   15.00% per annum with yearly rest subject to change that may be made by the Bank from time to time.

• Processing Fees: @TK 1000.00 (Taka One Thousand) only per lac to be realized before processing of loan.
• Processing fee to be refunded deducting TK.500.00 (Taka Five Hundred) only as service
• Charge per proposal in case of it is rejected
• Cost of Application form & Prospectus: TK 200.00 (Taka Two Hundred) only.

If loan installments are regularly & timely paid without any default, the borrower will be allowed incentive at the rate of 5% of the total interest charged which will be refunded on full adjustment of the account.

 Repayment period:

 The loan is to be repaid by equal by monthly installments including interest maximum    within 8 (Eight) years for loan above TK 5.00 lac (Taka Five Lac) only.

• Repayment will start after 3 (Three) months of availing 1^st installment of the loan.
• Loan installments will have to be paid within 10^th bay of every month. If any installment is not paid within 10^th day of the month, the borrower will be treated as defaulter and penal interest @ 2% per month will be charged on the defaulted amount.

 Security:

• Registered Mortgage of the property where against loan is to be availed by deposit of original Title Deed with chain of documents.
• Registered Irrecoverable General Power of Attorney empowering the Bank to sell the mortgaged property as and when required.
• An undertaking by the borrower in banks prescribed form to pay monthly installments   regularly in time.
• Post dated cheque for all installments to be deposited in advance.
• Personal Guarantee of Spouse or any other person acceptable to the bank is to be obtained.

         The following papers have to submit while applying for loan-

• Application in prescribed form duly filled in all the columns and signed by the applicant.
• Personal Net Worth statement of the client.
• Lawyer’s opinion on the documents of the properties.

 Benefit of the scheme:

The genuine House/ Building/ Flat owners of small and fixed income group or retired persons may avail of the opportunity to repair, renovate their own house according to their need and repayment capacity.

 Eligibility of the client:

• Any owner of House/ Building/ Flat aged between 30 to 55 years will be eligible   to get loan under this scheme who are financially capable to repay the loan having income or additional income from own source and added rental income to be guaranteed after utilization of the proposed loan. In case of age bar of applicants the proposals may be considered for sanction if the guarantor is found good or other source of income of the applicant covers the installment of the loan.

 The House/ Building/ Flat to be repaired and / or renovated by the loanee should not be older than 20 years.

 The monthly income will be certified by the employer of the concerned loanee in case he is a service holder.

• The employees or their dependent of Uttara Bank Ltd. Are not eligible to get loan under this scheme.
• The applicant must have a saving Account with the branch of the Bank from where he / she want to avail of the loan.
• Bank reserves the right to accept or reject any application without assigning any reason whatsoever.

 Inland Bill Purchase(IBP):

Uttara Bank Limited started granting of credit facility against Inland Bill Purchase by issuing the Instruction Circular No.243 dt. 17-01-99. subsequently certain amendments have also been made there to provide Credit Division.

All concerned are hereby instructed to observe the following procedure for granting of credit facility against Inland Bill Purchase (IBP):

• Only those bills will be purchased which arise out of genuine business transactions of manufacturing units/concerned.
• The concerned branch allowing IBP facility must see that the bill has been drawn by the party himself and he is not the purchaser of goods/services or endorser of the bill.
• The applicant requesting for IBP facility will have to submit all the shipping documents as required in the ILC opened by buyer’s bank.
• On receipt of acceptance and maturity date for payment of the bill from ILC opening bank, our concerned branch will invariably verify, by physical contact with concerned ILC issuing bank, the genuineness of the said acceptance letter by relationship Manager/ second Officer/ Dealing officer (not bellow Principal Officer) with authorized signature to be counter signed by the branch incumbent.
• The branches must not purchase Bill against ILC opened by any of our Bank branches. In case of any need for purchasing against ILC of our bank, prior permission from Head Office is to be obtained.
• The loans under IBP will be allowed by the concerned Branch Manager as per his above discretionary power. The loans falling beyond his discretionary power will be allowed only on sanction from the concerned Zonal Head or Head Office as the case may by.
• In case the liability against any IBP is not adjusted even within 30 days after due date of payment, the matter shall be referred to Head Office, International Division giving full particulars of bills/LCs for taking up the issue by them for settlement.
• The following charges and interest are to be realized:

1. Handing Charge: 0.25% of bill value with minimum TK.25.00 and maximum TK.2000.00
2. Rate of interest: 13.00% per annum with quarterly rest subject to change that may be made by the bank from time to time.

• The following papers and change documents are to be obtained/ executed by the party before allowing IBP.

1. Loan application ( as per format in annexure ‘A’)
2. Single/ Double Party DP note (AS applicable)
3. DP Note delivery Letter (where guarantor exists)
4. Letter of continuity
5. Revival Letter Form-I
6. Revival Letter Form-II (where guarantor exists)

All concerned must comply the instructions of this circular meticulously while granting credit facility against IBP.

  Loan Against Trust Receipt(LTR):

On the arrival of goods and lodgment of import documents, importer may request the bank for clearance of goods from the port (custom) and keep the same to bank go down. Proper sanction from the competent authority is to be obtained before clearance of consignment. For giving these types of loan, officer makes loan proposal and sends it to H/O for approval. After getting approval from H/O, bank grants loan in the form of LTR.

• Advance against a Trust Receipt obtained from the Customers are allowed to only first class tested parties when the documents covering an import shipment or other goods pledged to the Bank as security are given without payment. However, for such advances prior permission/sanction from Head Office must be obtained.
• The customer holds the goods or their sale-proceeds in trust for the Bank, till such time, the loan allowed against the Trust Receipts is fully paid off.

The Trust Receipt is a document that creates the Banker’s lien on the goods and practically amounts to hypothecation of the proceeds of sale in discharge of the lien.

  Overdraft:

Overdraft is a loan. A person must need to have cash deposit if a person wants to take this loan. If a person has a FDR or MDS deposit in UBL he can get the loan. For MDS owner needs to pay 15% loan interest. For FDR owner needs to pay loan interest up to 2% than his FDR interest rate. Overdraft loan can be given to government employee. In that case they need to show land security and the payable interest rate is 16%. 25% advance loan can be given by the bank on work order value.

  Agricultural Loan:

At present the bank is disbursing Agriculture Loan to the farmers directly through its all branches with simple terms and conditions. The persons interested in agriculture works , including men and women, landless, marginal farmers and shared croppers are eligible for receiving Agriculture Loan from the bank .The Agriculture credit sectors of banks are crops, irrigation, equipments, agriculture machineries ,livestock, fisheries  (including  Shrimp) and poverty alleviation etc. This loan is basically given by UBL because of poverty reduction. The limit of this loan is 1 lac without showing any kind of property. But by showing property the loan is unlimited.

  Women Entrepreneurship Loan:

Woman can take this loan by starting a business. The limit of these loans is up to 15,00,000 and the interest rate is 10%.A women can get this loan up to 5,00,000 without showing any kind of property.

 Different interest rate of UBL (Shyamoli branch):

  The Loan and Advances plan envisages composition of the Loan portfolio as under:

 Table no; 03 composition of the Loan portfolio

 It has been seen from the above table that Loan sanction in various sectors fulfills its target in most of the cases as per plan. But it’s little bit fluctuating from 2008to 2009. However analyzing overlay it can be said that it fulfills its target.

 Loan Sanction Activities

 The respective unit office sanctions loan to the clients if it is between 2 & 5 lacs and then send the sanction letter including all necessary charge documents to the asset operation division for disbursement the loan. If the amount is higher than 5 lacs then the respective unit office sends the proposal to SME head office for sanction. The head of SME sanctions the loan and sends the sanction letter including all documents to the AOD for disbursement and inform the respective unit office regarding sanction of the loan.

Select potential enterprise: For loan, in this step the CRO conduct a survey and identify potential enterprise. Then they communicate with entrepreneurs and discuss the loan program.

Loan Presentation: The function of CRO is to prepare loan presentation based on the information collected and provided by the entrepreneur about their business, land property (Where mortgage is necessary).

Collect confidential information: Another important function of a CRO is to collect confidential information about the client from various sources. The sources of information are suppliers regarding the client’s payment, customers regarding the delivery of goods of services according to order, various banks where the client has account which shows the banks transactions nature of the client.

Open client’s accounts in the respective bank: When the CRO decided to provide loan to the client then he/she help the client to open a bank account where Uttara bank has a STD.A/c. Uttara bank will disburse the loan through this account. On the other hand the client will repay by this account. Although there is some exception occur by the special permission of the authority to repay by a different bank account.

 Fill up CIB form: CRO gives a CIB form to the client and the client fill and sign in it. In some cases if the client is illiterate then the CRO fill the form on behalf of the client. Then CRO send the filled and signed form to the SME, head office.

Sending CIB to Bangladesh Bank: The SME, head office collects all information and sends the CIB form to Bangladesh Bank for clearance. Bangladesh Bank return this CIB form within 10-12 days with reference no.

CIB report from Bangladesh Bank: In the CIB report Bangladesh Bank uses any of the following reference no:

  NIL: if the client has no loan facility in any bank or any financial institution then BB (Bangladesh Bank) use ‘NIL’ in the report

 UC (Unclassified): if the client has any loan facility in any bank or financial institution and if the installment due 0 to 5.99 then BB use UC in the report

 SS (Substandard): if the client has any loan facility in any bank or financial institution and if the installment due 6 to 11.99 then BB use SS in the report

 DF (Doubtful): if the client has any loan facility in any bank or financial institution and if the installment due 12 to 17.99 then BB use DF in the report

 BL (Bad lose): if the client has any loan facility in any bank or financial institution and if the installments due for more than 18 or above months then BB use BL in the report. This report indicates that the client is defaulter and the bank should not provide loan the client.

  Procedure of Preparing Proposal for Loan:

 The following procedure is followed by Shyamoli branch while preparing proposal for loan.

First, borrower has to apply to UBL for their loan by filling up of a specific application form given by the bank in respect of their own status (individual/proprietorship/public/private ltd.etc.).A very efficient team of employee is working under the supervision of sales manages to help the borrower in this regard.

In case of individual loan, an applicant has to submit at least 6 month latest financial statement of their own bank account along with his photocopy of passport or ID card or any other documentation, as his personal identification. If the loan is for house repairing then the borrower has to submit various documents of existing house as an evidence of house owner. Thereafter, he has to submit price quotation accepted and signed by the borrower, a salary certificate given by the organization (if borrower is a service holder) and with all other necessary documents.

But in the case of business person, some excess documents are required. Borrower has to submit at least 12 months latest financial statement of their own bank account. They are also required to submit the names of all board of directors of the organization.

The following papers will have to be submitted while applying for loan:

• Application in prescribed form duly filled in all the columns and signed by the applicant.
• Two passport size photographs of the applicant duly attested by manager/ relationship manager of the branch. A photograph of the house/ building/ flat is to be sent with the proposal.
• Estimate of the proposed expenditure to be incurred for the repairing and or renovation of the house/ building/ flat to be submitted of the application.
• Personal Net Worth statement of the client.
• Banks Statement for minimum last 6 (six) months of the account of the client.
• Contact Point Verification Report by banks authorized officer.
• Lawyer’s opinion on the documents of the properties.

 Others

 The repairing and/ or renovation work must be done within the premises as per estimate submitted by the party with the application.

• Since there is no provision for  insurance cover against the loan, the borrower will furnish an under taking to the effect that he/she will repay the banks loan even if there is any loss of property due to natural calamity.
• The borrower will allow the bank official to inspect the side at any time.
• The borrower will immediately inform the bank if he /she or his /her grantor changes residential address or professional.
• The borrower will not sell, gift or transfer the possession/owner ship of the house/building /flat before full adjustment of the loan without prior permission from the bank.
• Existing rent of the house /building /flat and other source of income of the applicant are to be mentioned in loan application form.

 After that, the applicants for loan has to fill up a CIB (Credit Information Bureau) form and must be verified by Bangladesh Bank whether the applicant has any irregularities in repayment of loan or any other credit records.

After that the employee of Shyamoli branch cheeks all documents provided by the borrower .the following documents is checked:

• Application and passport size photograph: The employees of Shyamoli branch cheeks application and 2 or 3 copies of recent passport size photographs.
• Price quotation: A quotation accepted by the applicant should also be submitted to Uttara Bank Limited. And this quotation must be real, because this is also be verified, it is genuine or not.
• Passport /voter ID / office ID/ other ID:  Passport, voter ID, office ID, or any other Kinds of ID are also required as and evidence of the applicants ID and should be submitted by the prescribed application form.
• Salary   Certificate: If the applicant is a service holder, then a real salary certificate, signed by his superior is also needed.
• Photocopy of latest trade license: if the applicant is a business person and the business is a proprietorship business, then a photocopy of latest trade license of his organization is also required,
• Photocopy of registered/Notarized partnership deed: if the business is a partnership business, then the applicant has to submit a photocopy of registered or notarized partnership deed to Uttara Bank Ltd. these deeds of the applicant business are also be verified carefully.
• Tax documents: sometimes personal relevant income tax documents are also needed and should be submitted to Uttara Bank td.
• Bank statement: bank statement of the applicant’s account is very much important. The applicant has to submit latest 6 months transactions.
• Checking duplicity and regular liabilities with Uttars Bank Ltd. in this part of verification duplicity and regular liabilities of an applicant UBL are also be checked.
• Checking proper filling up of the application: filling up of the application is also an important requirement.

After that, Shyamoli Branch sent a very efficient team for the verification. If the team is satisfied by all aspects, then they report to the branch manager. If the branch manager agrees, then he gives order for preparing proposal for loan.

After getting the permission from manager the employee’s team prepares loan statement of shyamoli branch. By adding all the documents, submit it to head office and zonal office.

 CIB Obtaining Process

 CIB is a regulatory requirement for Loan Documentation. Credit Information Bureau (CIB) of Bangladesh bank has a central database for all the lenders of Bangladesh. It contains the total credit history of a client and act as the most dependable source to analyze the credit worthiness of a prospective client. Obtaining the CIB clearance is a precondition of fund disbursement and all type of Retail, SME and corporate loan require CIB report before disbursement. For some retail unsecured assets, UBL obtains post-factor CIB clearance. However, in most cases AOD obtains the CIB for a client before disbursement of fund.

 To obtain a CIB report, AOD fills up the following Bangladesh bank prescribed forms for each loan application:

 Inquiry Form: CIB –A1: For each individual/ institution

Inquiry Form: CIB –A2: Owner information if borrower is institution

Inquiry Form: CIB –A3: Group/ related business information of borrower

CIB Undertaking form “KA”: For each individual/proprietor/director/partner

 These forms are filled up by the business units and sent to the CIB segment of AOD. CIB segment maintains a central database for all the CIB inquiry forms. Each form is registered under a Head Office serial number and a Branch/ Unit office serial number. Therefore AOD prepares a forwarding letter with reference to 20 such inquiry forms, and sent them to Credit Information Bureau of BB once in a day. Usually the CIB reports are received within 7-10 working days.

 After receiving the reports from BB, AOD prepares a summary of the report and put that as reference in the loan file along with the photocopy of the CIB inquiry forms, undertaking and copy of the original CIB report. For any mistakes made in the forms, writing wrong spelling, incomplete name of individuals or institutions, CIB report may show error as mismatch exists there. Those CIB inquiry forms require to be sent again correcting the facts. CIB reports are usually updated quarterly and half-yearly. Therefore most updated CIB reports are required to be obtained and CIB report is also require for the same client for repeat loan. All forms need to be supported by the Applicant’s Undertaking and all the forms are signed by designated officers of the business organization.

  Appraisal process of Loan/Application:

A potential customer to interested to avail Lease Finance from our bank will apply in standard application Form design by the bank along with a brief write-up on the proposal/equipment expected returns/benefits for the use of such equipment or automobile as the case may be. A competitive quotation of the lease item issued in favor of Uttara Bank Ltd. shall have to be submitted.

After examination of the various aspects of the project, if the branch manager /relationship manager fully satisfied about the financial standing, credit worthiness, management set–up , professional integrity , technical feasibility , repayment capacity etc, of the provost lessee and business viability of the project ,the proposal may be forward to head office through the zonal office with necessary comments ,view and recommendation for approval.

 Sanction letter

  All letters addressed to the borrowers sanctioning credit facilities should be prepared in duplicate and signed by two authorized officers of the Bank. Among the two authorized Officer one must be a Manager of the Credit Team. If the terms and conditions of loan sanction letter are acceptable to him the borrower should return the duplicate copy duly signed.

 Client’s information & Loan details is matched with the Credit approval then loan is sanctioned & a Loan Sanction Number is auto generated.

  For Personal loan:

There is a person named Sohel Rahman is a service holder worked in a NGO. His basic salary is 20,000 thousand. His agricultural income is 10,000.He get other facilities from his office. He also gives income tax. He has an account in UBL. He applied for loan tk.5, 00,000. Basically this loans limit is 10 lacks. The interest rate is 16% of this loan. And no need to show any collateral. So Sohel can get the loan easily.

 For women Entrepreneurship:

Mrs.Shaila khanom is a housewife. She has account in UBL. She wants to open a boutique shop. For opening this shop she has not enough money. Without property the limit of this loan is 5lac.but if women have enough property she can get the loan up to 15 lacks. Mrs. Shaila applied for loan of tk.10 lac. The interest rate of this loan is 10%. For taking this loan she has to submit some papers. These are-

• Papers of building.
• Fixed Deposit statement.
• Statement of provident fund.
• Commissioner certificate.
• National ID/
• Voter ID card.
• Cheque of her account.etc.

After showing these kinds of papers Mrs.Shaila got the loan.

Loan and advances Operations and Management

The loan and advances of the Bank demonstrated steady growth over the years. The total loan of the Bank stood at Taka 12395 crore against target of Tk12700 crore at the end of 2010. It was Taka 10215 crore in 2009. There achievement is 97.57%, with 21.32% growth. The share of loan of UBL in banking sector as on 31.12.2010 increased to 10.12% from 6.57% as on 31.12.2009

Pursuant to the loan policy adopted by the Bank, currently a 5-years Perspective loan Plan has been drawn up for the year 2005 to 2010 and put into implementation. The plan has been formulated keeping in view the national economic priorities and aiming at diversification of the Investment Portfolios by size, sector, geographical area, economic purpose & securities to bring in phases all sectors of the economy & all types of economic activities and different economic strata of the society within the fold of Banks loan operations.

• 6 years performance of UBL in loan, growth & achievement can show at a glance then we can explain it literally:

Loan sanction and recovery scenario in UBL for last five   years

                                                                        (In million taka)

 Table 10: Loan Sanction and Recovery (for last five Financial Years)

 From the above table it has been observed that the loan disbursement of UBL has a successive record. But the point being observed here is that the loan recovery process follows a chronological fall from the FY 2005-06 to the FY 2009-10. This is because the loan disbursed among the projects are collected or recovered on an installment basis. However, the loan amount each year has been increased. Therefore there must have an increase in recovery amount. But the amount of written-off loans has been increased. This indicates a controversial cause and effect between theoretical and practical situation.

    Percentage of loan recovery of UBL

                                             Table11: Percentage of loan recovery of UBL

• Percentage of loan recovery=(Loan recovery/Total loan outstanding)*100
• Change in recovery rate=(% of loan recovery of base FY-% of loan recovery of preceding FY)

(E.g. in the case of change in recovery rate for FY2005-06, base FY=2005-06 and preceding FY=2004-05)

From table- 11(figures showed in parenthesis is a negative change) it is seen that loan recovery rate in the FY 2008-09(18.95%) is highest. But total loan outstanding in FY2008-09 is the lowest one. And now from table-10 again it can be compared that during FY2008-09 the rescheduled loan and written off loan is highest in compared to other FYs of UBL. In the FY 2008-09 total loan increased by 303 million taka but loan recovery rate decreased by 2.38%. This situation exhibits a hidden problem in UBL loan sanction and recovery process.

Conclusion

 Loan and advances granted by Uttara Bank Ltd are highly beneficial for firms, individuals, companies and industrial concerns. Loan may be regarded as credit granted where the money is disbursed and its recovery is made on a later date. It is a debt for the borrower. Advance is a credit facility granted by the bank. Bank granted advances for short term purposes. Loan and advances granted by banks help in meeting short term and long term financial needs of business enterprises. Loan and Advances comprise the most important asset as well as the primary sources of earning of the bank . A prudent bank management should always try to make an appropriate balance between return and risk involved with the loan portfolio and unregulated bank might be with unregulated risk for maximizing its potential return .In such a situation, bank might find itself in a serious financial distress instead of improving its financial health .Consequently not only the depositors but also the general shareholders will be deprived of getting back their money from the bank. Credit Division of Uttara Bank has a very qualified and dedicated group of officers and staffs who are always trying to provide the best service to the clients. They always monitor the credit in different sectors and their position. Before providing the loan they analyze whether the loan will be profitable and whether the client is good enough to repay the loan within the given period of time. Credit department diversified their loans in different sectors classified by them. Among the sectors the bank doesn’t provide more loans in the agricultural side. The reason showed that this sector is very risky and depends on natural climate and still didn’t expand their service in the rural side. The bank also does not provide more loan in the small & cottage industry. The reason is that the return from this sector is not very good and also the sector is very uncertain. The bank provides most of the credit facility in term loan mainly in long-term loans. Return from short-term loan is very good and also proves to be very safe to finance.