Chemistry

Desalination is a process that takes away mineral components from saline water. It is the process of removing salt from seawater. Desalination or desalting of…

An air ionizer is one of the most popular air filters being used by the air purifiers. It is a device that uses high voltage…

Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is one of the most practical and low-cost techniques to reduce a load of pathogenic microorganisms in the water at households…

Soil salinity is the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization. It is a measure of…

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a technology to generate power from mixing waters with different salinity. RED is the salinity gradient energy retrieved from the difference…

Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR) is an electrochemical charge-driven separation process where dissolved ions are separated through ion permeable membranes under the influence of an electrical potential…

Electron ionization (EI) is an ionization method in which energetic electrons interact with solid or gas-phase atoms or molecules to produce ions. It is known…

Photoemission spectroscopy (PES) is an experimental technique used to determine the relative energies of electrons in atoms and molecules. It refers to the process in which…

Chemical ionization (CI) is a soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry. CI is based on the reactions of gaseous analyte molecules with an excess…

Penning ionization is a form of chemical-ionization, an ionization process involving reactions between neutral atoms or molecules. It is a fundamental atomic collision process whereby…

Thermal ionization is the ionization of a gas or vapor produced by subjecting it to a high temperature. It also is known as surface ionization…

Water purification is the process by which water is treated so that it can be consumed by human beings without there being a risk to health. It is…