Biology

Forensic entomology is the study of insects/arthropods in a criminal investigation. It is the study of insect biology as it relates to societal problems that…

An exotoxin is a toxin secreted by bacteria. It is a toxin released by a living bacterial cell into its surroundings. An exotoxin can cause…

Microbial toxins are chemical substances that are produced by microorganisms. They are toxins produced by micro-organisms, including bacteria and fungi. They can occur naturally in…

Cyanotoxins are toxins produced by bacteria called cyanobacteria. It also referred to as blue-green algae, are microscopic organisms that live primarily in fresh water and…

Aquatic Toxicology is a multidisciplinary branch that includes the study of natural and synthetic toxicants and their effects that are leading to toxicity of aquatic…

Ecotoxicology is the science devoted to the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on an ecosystem’s structure, functions, and biodiversity. It is the study…

Plant hormones are chemical plants use for communication, coordination, and development between their many cells. They also are known as phytohormones, are signal molecules, produced…

Plant Nutrition Plants need nutrients for the same reasons that animals need them. They need them to germinate, grow, fight off diseases and pests, and…

Plant pathology is a branch of botany concerned with the diseases of plants. It is the science that studies the causes of plant diseases, the…

A double membrane consisting of an outer and an inner phospholipid bilayer is the nuclear envelope, also known as the nuclear membrane. It is present…

Anaerobic digestion is the process by which organic matter such as animal or food waste is broken down to produce biogas and biofertilizer. It is…

An amyloplast is an organelle that is present in plant cells involved in different biological pathways. Specifically, amyloplasts are a leucoplast type, a subcategory for…