Religious nationalism is a notion that blends elements of religion with nationalism, in which a country’s identity and political structure are inextricably linked to a certain religious belief or collection of beliefs. It can be understood in several ways, such as nationalism as a religion in and of itself, as articulated by Carlton Hayes in his book Nationalism as Religion, or as nationalism’s relationship to a specific religious belief, dogma, philosophy, or association. This link has two components: the politicization of religion and the effect of religion on politics.
In the former case, a shared religion might be perceived as contributing to a sense of national unity, a common link among the nation’s citizens. It is defined by the concept that a country’s cultural, social, and political identities should be anchored in a specific religion or religious tradition. Another political component of religion is the promotion of a shared national identity, such as ethnicity, language, or culture.
Religion, in this context, acts as a critical defining feature in the nation’s self-identity and frequently plays an important part in influencing its laws, policies, and societal conventions. The influence of religion on politics is more ideological, where current interpretations of religious ideas inspire political activism and action; for example, laws are passed to foster stricter religious adherence.
Key features of religious nationalism include:
- National Identity and Religion: The dominant religion is considered an intrinsic aspect of national identity in religious nationalist movements, and adherents think that the preservation and promotion of that religious tradition is critical to the survival and success of their nation.
- Political Influence of Religion: Religious nationalism frequently aims to influence or control the political system, either by advocating for policies that align with religious views or through the establishment of religious legislation (theocracy).
- Exclusivity and Intolerance: Some religious nationalist movements may emphasize exclusivity, saying that the nation should belong only to adherents of a particular religion, and may be intolerant of religious minorities or others who do not share their beliefs.
- Cultural Homogenization: Religious nationalism can sometimes lead to cultural homogeneity, in which the dominant religious culture is promoted while other cultural or religious practices are suppressed or discouraged.
- Historical and Sacred Sites: Religious nationalist movements may value historical or sacred locations related to their faith and strive to conserve or control these sites as part of their national heritage.
