Management System in Apparel Industery of Balaka Stitch Pvt Ltd

Introduction:

For Bangladesh, the ready made garment export industry has been the proverbial goose that lays the golden eggs for over fifteen years now. The sector now dominates the modern economy in export earnings, secondary impact and employment generated. The events in 1998 serve to highlight the vulnerability of this industry to both internal and external shocks on the demand and supply side. Given the dominance of the sector in the overall modern economy of Bangladesh, this vulnerability should be a matter of some concern to the policymakers in Bangladesh. Although in gross terms the sector’s contributions to the country’s export earnings is around 74 percent, in net terms the share would be much less partially because the backward linkages in textile have been slow to develop. The dependence on a single sector, no matter how resilient or sturdy that sector is, is a matter of policy concern. We believe the policymakers in Bangladesh should work to reduce this dependence by moving quickly to develop the other export industries using the lessons learned from the success of apparel exports. Support for the apparel sector should not be reduced. In fact, another way to reduce the vulnerability is to diversify the product and the market mix. It is heartening to observe that the knit products are rapidly gaining share in overall garment exports as these products are sold in quota-free markets and reflect the strength of Bangladeshi producers in the fully competitive global apparel markets. Preliminary data and informal evidence indicate that this sector seems to have weathered the devastating floods relatively well. The industry is one hundred percent export-oriented and therefore insulated from domestic demand shocks; however, it remains vulnerable to domestic supply shocks and the smooth functioning of the banking, transportation and other forward and backward linkage sectors of the economy. The Dhaka-Chittagong road remains the main transportation link connecting the production units, mostly situated in and around Dhaka and the port in Chittagong, where the raw material and the finished products are shipped in and out. Despite increased dependence on air transportation, trucks remain the main vehicles for transporting raw materials and finished products for Bangladesh garment exports. The floods disrupted the normal flow of traffic on this road. Eventually, this road link was completely severed for several days when large sections of the road went under water for a few weeks during the latter phase of the floods. This delinking of the road connection between Dhaka and the port in Chittagong was as serious a threat as one can imagine for the garment exporters. The industry responded by calling upon the Bangladesh navy to help with trawlers and renting a plane from Thai Air that was used to directly fly garment consignments from the Dhaka airport to the Chittagong airport several times a day.

 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

The main objectives of this study are scrutinize all the departments of Balaka Stitch(Pvt)Ltd. Academic knowledge is not perfect, practical knowledge is essential with it. The objectives of the study are to gather knowledge through practical work. It will fulfill the experience through theoretical as well as practically. So it is essential to rapid development of merchandising of a company especially in Apparel Sector. Apparel Sector is the most important area of earning foreign currency. The followings are the main objectives of the present study:

• To define and evaluate the technical procedure & management system of Balaka Stitch(Pvt}Ltd
• To observe the effectiveness of merchandising. Production, Knitting, HRM, Commercial
• To find out some problems and limitations of Balaka Stitch{.
• To compare practical knowledge and with theoretical approach.
• To suggest some possible measures to over come the problems.

 Methodology:

To make this internship report I’ve visited different organization, read different books on RMG industry and apparel manufacturing process. I also visited different website to get information about Apparel Manufacturing and Merchandising also. I also take reference from class lecture and take information from course teacher. I talk with different merchandiser and apparel industry related persons

• Internet and books
• I visited the buying house talk to the merchandiser of the company. Collect some information from buying house.
• After collecting all the data I resort them and make this assignment

 Scope

As a student of Apparel Manufacturing Management, it is very much necessary for me to know about the Apparel Manufacturing Process in Composite Factory. I have been assigned in Balaka Stitch(Pvt)Ltd.. I have worked in factory thus covered me the way to get myself familiarized with the official and factory environment in a garments industry for the first time.

Limitation

Actually, I have not faced any kind of mentionable problem in my research at Balaka Stitch Pvt Ltd. Several levels of officers, employees helped me in several conditions. Though, I have faced a few problems, which I should mention to depend on the research. The followings are some problems:

• The officers of several departments failed to give me enough time for their business.
• The merchandisers of they are always busy, so they could not sufficient records, facts and figures are not available.
• Usually Company is not willing to provide their actual data of financial statement because of their security.
• Personal barriers like inability to understand some official terms; office decorum etc. creates a few problems to me.
• For newly entrance in this sector.
• The activities of a merchandiser are not documentarily arranged.
• The activities of merchandiser bear from factory to factory.
• It is not possible to learn about merchandising within 60 days.
• Lack of available of reburied data.

Chapter – 2

Corporate Office

Corporate Office:

Head Office:

Road# 03, House# 06, Sector# 09

Uttara Model Town, Uttara, Dhaka

Fectory

Gazipur , Malakar Bari ,

National University

Bankers:

Bank Asia.

Motijhil, Dhaka.

Vision & Mission:

Chapter – 03

Merchandising Department

Merchandising Department:

CONCEPT OF MERCHANDISING:

The term “merchandising” is well known to the person specially involved in garments trade. The term merchandising has been derived from the term “merchandise”. Merchandise means goods that are bought and sold. The term merchandiser may be defined as the person who merchandises the goods especially for export purposes. Garments merchandising means buying raw materials and accessories, producing required garments, maintaining required quality level and exporting the garments within schedule time frame.

 MAJOR RESPONSIBILITIES OF A MERCHANDISER ARE GIVEN       BELOW:

    1. Order sourcing/supplies

    2. Negotiation

    3. Production

    4. Calculating Yarn/Fabric consumption

    5. Calculating costing of the product

    6. Monitoring Quality aspect

    7. Product development

    8. Liaison with Buyers Customers & Factory

    9. Factory Scheduling

QUALITY OF A MERCHANDISER:

 From the above definitions we can assume that a person involved in garments merchandising needs a wide range of knowledge and skill.

       a). Good  command of English and adequate knowledge  of technical terms  for         accurate and efficient communication.

       b)  Good knowledge of yarn, fabric, dyeing, printing, finishing ,      dyeing color fastness, garments production etc.

       c) Clear conception of the usual potential quality problems in the garments manufacturing.

       d) Good knowledge of the usual raw materials inspection systems and garments inspection systems.

      e) Knowledge of the quota system used in each of the producing countries , duty rate , custom regulation, shipping and banking documentation etc.

 FUNCTION OF A MERCHANDISER

      When an export order is placed to a merchandiser , he has to schedule the following main function to execute the export order perfectly in time.

1. Fabric requirement calculations.
2. Accessories requirements calculation
3. Sources of fabrics
4. Possible date of arrival of fabrics And accessories in the garments factory
5. costing
6. Garments production planning
7. Pre shipment inspection schedule
8. Shipment document

All the main functions, mentioned above are important but the procurement of fabric and accessories are most important as because there are many technical parameters involved, especially in this area, in most cases collection of fabric for the garments is a major problem. To procure a fabric, we should clearly specify the technical specification of the fabric during placing a fabric supply order.

 Business Development Procedure:

For collecting new Buyer, to extend their market in abroad, good will and to get a big profited business development is essential for Apparel industry. For business development a factory have to follow procedure of development. 3A Fashions ltd. follow the procedure of business development, this are:

• Buyer selection
• About the nature of buyer.
• First Email to the buyer
• Offer to buyer for visit the company.
• Collect audit pass report from buyer.
• Company arranges a meeting with buyer for business.
• Sampling stage.
• Price negotiation.
• Price conforms and order place from buyer.

First Email to Buyer for Business Development

For new business development sellers have to communicate with buyer. Email is the easiest and swift way of communication so when seller will contract first time with buyer by email at that time have to mention some important information about company. Which kind of things should be include here this are-

1. Information about you and your company.
2. Products information about your company.
3. Capacity and productivity.
4. Which buyer work with you.
5. Attachment a beautiful sample photograph.
6. Wearing for feedback.

This kind of information should be included in this email. On the other hand this email will be minimum word and maximum communication.

Sample of first email

July 10, 2010

X

Manager-

Y Group of Industry

Sub: BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT.

Dear Sir,

I would like to show the opportunity to introduce our company as one of the reputed company to export readymade garments from Bangladesh to Europe and North America. We have long experience with world famous companies like Wal-Mart, Marks & Spencer etc.

We are pleased to attach our brief profile in where you will find details of our company. It will be highly appreciated if you are kind enough to let us know your comments so that we can send our samples by DHL for your better understanding.

We are anxiously waiting for your feedback.

Thanking you

Sincerely,

X

Manager-

Y  Group of Industry

Bangladesh.

 Feed-Back from Buyer in Response to First Email

Dear Md Marajul Islam Khan

I am pleased about your company, so I want to make a business with you. So you should send some original sample include with FOB price.

 Best regards,

Mr. X

Sending Quality Samples to New Buyer for Better Understanding of Workmanship of Factory

Sampling department is the second department for product. in this section at first make sample. first sample is called counter sample. This sample is sent on the buyer. after that if this counter sample is not approval the buyer sent a massage on the merchandiser and he wrote your sample is not ok and you make  propel  sample and send me. After that the merchandiser send the second sample. if the merchandiser measure on sample if is it ok than the merchandiser return sent sample he write on the mail your sample is ok and you just go on second process.

When the quality sample is sending to the  new buyer for better understanding there are some process should be followed for convince the buyer easily as a result the buyer will attract to the quality sample.

Approval Procedure of sales samples

In order to achieve seal sample from the buyer you should have followed some professionalism so that the buyer easily can give you seal. In order to get seal sample from the buyer the following format may be followed

Sample is made when price is confirmed and orders are on speculation, usually is L size in all color combinations of expected order. Buyer held a meeting with its customer and record their response on order quantity per color, size etc. and finally place order to their vendor. Sales sample basically use catalogue buyer.

Cost Sheet and Consumption Sheet Preparation

Garment Costing: In order to achieve perfect garment costing, one must know about all the activities including purchase of fabrics, sewing, packing, transport, overheads, etc

Shipping Charges:

For men’s basic T-shirt, the delivery terms in the buyer enquiry as ‘FOB’. So sea freight charges is not added. But the local transport with the cost of garment has to be added. Finally, we have to convert the Indian rupee value to USD or Euro

Consumption Preparation:

Fabric consumption

The garments manufactured in many sizes to fit for everybody. Generally they are in sizes Small (S), Medium (M), Large (L), Extra large (XL) and Double Extra Large (XXL). The quantity ratio or assortment can be any one of the following approximate ratio.

S: M: L: XL: XXL – 1:2:2:2:1

S: M: L: XL: XXL – 1:2:1:2:1

S: M: L: XL: XXL – 1:2:3:2:2

As the price is the same for all these sizes of garments, the author have taken the centre size large(L) for average calculation. Generally, the quantity of L size will be higher or equal to the quantity of each of other sizes.

Men’s Basic T-shirt

Description: Men’s Basic T-shirt-short sleeves- 100% Cotton 140 GSM Single jersey – 1 x 1 ribs at neck – solid dyed – light, medium and dark colors in equal ratio.

Sizes: S, M, L, XL, XXL Ratio: 1: 2: 2: 2: 1

Export carton: 7 ply -120 GSM virgin corrugated – sea worthy. Cartons are to be strapped with 2 nylon straps.

Measurements in cm: (Finished garment)

Size: L

Chest – 60 cm

Length – 78 cm

Sleeve length – 24 cm

Neck rib width – 3 cm Hem – 3 cm

Patterns are generally made with the seam allowance and cutting allowance. Generally, 12 cm is added with the total of body length and sleeve length.

That is,

Fabric consumption =(Body length + Sleeve length + allowance) * (Chest + allowance) * 2 * GSM
                                                                                             10000

 = (70 + 24 + 12) * (60 + 3) * 2 * 140
                           10000

= 187 grams

Body & Sleeves : 187 grams

Neck rib : 10 grams (approximately)

Gross weight : 197 grams Therefore, the fabric consumption per garment is 197 grams.

Gross weight & net Weight:

The above weight is the gross weight of fabric. It means the weight of the fabric bits cut in tubular form without taking shapes is called gross weight. This is the consumed fabric for the particular garment. Hence costing is to be made as per this gross weight. The weight of the cut pieces after taking the shape according to the pattern is called net weight of fabric.

Fabric cost per kg (in Rs) (all charges approximately):

Cost of Trims:

The accessories which are attached to the garments are called Trims.

Now the author have taken Men’s Basic T-shirts, as example. Let us see what are the trims required for this style.

Labels: Woven main label (2.5 cm width x 7 cm length): Rs 0.35

Polyester printed wash care label: Single color print: Rs 0.10

Hang tag: Rs 0.40

So the total cost of trims is Rs 0.85 per garment.

Cost of accessories:

Poly bags: Normal – Rs 0.30 per garment

Master Poly bag: Rs 2 per master poly bags to contain 8 garments – Rs 0.25 per garment.

Export carton: Normal: Rs 40 per carton to contain 48 garments – Rs 0.80 per garment.

So the total cost of accessories is Rs 1.35 per garment.

Consumption Calculation of Fabrics Accessories and Cartoons

Knit Fabric consumption calculation:

Body length = 73cm.

Chest = 60cm.

Sleeve length = 22cm

GSM = 220

2(B.L+S.L) * Chest * GSM

= 2(73+22) * 60 * 220

    100           100   1000

= 190 * 60 * 220

   100    100   1000

= 1.9 * .60 * .22

= 0.250 kg/pes *12

= 3.0096 kg/DZ + 10% (10% Wastage)

= 3.0096 kg/DZ +0.30

= 3.3096 kg/DZ

Carton consumption

Length = 60cm

Width = 40cm

Height = 40c

2(L+W+Allounce 5cm) * (W+H+Allounce 2.5cm)

                            10000

= 2(60+40+5) *(40+402.5)

             10000

= 17325

    1000

= 1.7325 sqm

Poly

L=12”

W = 10”

Thickness = .08mm

          75000                = Pes on 1 Lbs

L*W*THICKNESS

=    75000                             “

    12*10*.08

=   75000                               “

      960

=   78.125     pes on 1 lbs

Negotiation (Price) Process and Ending of Negotiation

Price negotiation & Order confirmation

Price negotiation is the most important part of merchandising and marketing. Order confirmation depends on how cleverly and logically one can negotiate price with buyer. Competitive price is the key element of price negotiation. To make competitive price first of we have to know about the product that buyer want to buy from us. Then we will calculate the raw material price, manufacturing cost & shipping terms of the product.

How to prepare garment price

There are processes for fixation of export prices which are as under:

1. FOB (Free On Board).
2. C & F (Cost & Freight).
3. CIF (Cost, Insurance & Freight).

FOB means ‘free on board’ i.e. exporter doesn’t bear the cost of freight of ship or air. It is buyer (Importer) who himself bears the freight of ship or air.

C & F means Cost of Freight i.e.

FOB (Cost) + Freight of Ship = C & F.

In the case ship or air freight is carried by the exporter while quoting price, the exporter quotes price a bit higher than FOB. The whole responsibility including the sending of goods to the selected port of the importer is shouldered by the exporter ship or air. Freight may very from place to place and shippers to shippers.

CIF means cost insurance & Freight. In this case in addition to the bearing of freight the cost of insurance is also borne by the exporter. The exporter, while quoting CIF price, quotes much higher than C&F value i. e; C & F + Insurance =CIF. Normally we can add 1-2% insurance charge with CIF price.

During the fixation of FOB price of a T-Shirt following notes are to be followed carefully:

1. Cost of fabrics/Dzn. garments.
2. Cost of Accessories/Dzn. garments.
3. C.M (Cost of Manufacturing) /Dzn. Garments.
4. Cost of embellishment (if any) like print, embroidery, etc
5. Commercial cost.
6. Commission (if any)

Fabrcis Price

Knit fabric price is the sum of the below factors-

1. yarn price per kg (approx $6.40)
2. Knitting price per kg (approx $0.15)
3. Dyeing price per kg (approx $1.5)
4. finishing price per kg (approx $0.50)

Thus the fabric price per kg comes ($6.40+$0.15+$1.5+$0.50)= $8.55

Fabrics consumption for a European T-Shirt is 3.00 kgs per dozon.

So fabrics price per dozon is (3.00 * 8.55) = $25.65

Trimming Price

Trims cover all the trims used in the garments except the basic fabric. There are hundreds of items used to manufacture the garments, proper selection of trims and its quality are very important for styling, otherwise the garment may be rejected or returned by the customers.

As our assignment is based on basic T-Shirt, normally care label, main label, size label, sewing thread, poly bag, price ticket, carton, tag pin, gum tape, etc trim are used in a basic T-Shirt.

Normally the trim cost per dozon comes approx. $2.00 for basic T-Shirt.

Buyer Wise Purchase Order, Contracts and Company Requirement

PI Sheet and Its Items

In foreign trade transaction, a reformat invoice is a document that states a commitment from the seller to reserve some goods to be sold to a certain person, the buyer. the buyer places an order and if the seller agrees, it extend a reformat invoice and agrees to all the terms specified in it, the goods are send and the reformat is replaced by a commercial invoice.

What are the items will include in this sheet are-

• Name and address of seller
• Invoice number and date.
• Buyer name and address.

• Product description.
• Unit price.
• Total price.

• Shipment date.
• Shipment terms FOB or C&F.
• Country of origin.
• Terms of payment, at sight or 120 days.
• Others special terms.

 M L/C Checking Procedures and Important Items Included in M L/C

A documentary M L/C is an orderly payment security instrument offering high quality payment security to a business transaction for both parties the seller and buyer. The seller will receive payment for his goods if he meets all conditions prescribed by the letter of credit. Without M L/C opening the order won’t be confirmed. So its carry more value than other documents in export and import business.

M L/C Check list items and those items must be included in this L/C.

• Types of L/C.
• Issue date.
• Expiry date.
• Issuing bank details.
• Advising bank details.
• Seller name and address.
• Total amount.
• Currency of payment.
• Tolerance (2-5% plus or minus)
• Port of loading.
• Description of goods.
• Shipping terms (FOB/ C&F)
• List of documents required.

 M L/C Confirmation Procedure

Different Types of Samples Like Sales Samples, Size Set Samples, Proto Samples, Pre-Production Sample and Shipment Samples

Sequence of sample:

Name of Sampling-

• 1st Pattern
• 2nd Pattern
• Counter Sample
• Sales Man Sample
• PHOTO Sample
• Approval Sample (Size Set, Mock-up)
• Pre-production Sample
• Production Sample
• Shipping Sample

• First pattern:

First physical version of any garment as per the artwork is done by designer or developer. HUMAN MIND > SKETCH > PAPER PATTERN > SAMPLE

Purpose: See the DESIGN work & test the FITTING

Status: Nothing specific

Material: Available

Price: Not conformed

Quantity: 1 (for customer) + 1 (for Merchandiser)

Delivery: As per URENGECY

• Second pattern:

Usually designer/ developer always ask for some changes to the first pattern. Second pattern is made as per comments.

• Counter sample:

Where first pattern is made on designers artwork, Counter sample is to make not on designer’s artwork, has to follow another sample given by the merchandiser. Purpose: See the workmanship &test the factory skill.

Status: Nothing specific

Material: Available

Price: Not conformed

Quantity: 1 (for customer) + 1 (for self keeping)

Delivery: As per request

• Sales man sample:

Sample is made when price is confirmed and orders are on speculation, usually in L size in all color combinations of expected order. Buyer arranges a meeting with its customer and records their response on order quantity per color, size etc. and finally place order to their vendor.

Purpose: Sales Meeting by Retailers, Market Appraisal, Demand / Order forecast

Status: Final stage of the order confirmation

Material: Actual

Price: Confirmed

Quantity: There is minimum quantity per color combination

Delivery: Very important to meet the delivery date.

• Photo sample:

Samples are made with actual color and material to be worn by the models on the event of shooting for catalog.

• Approval sample:

In any discrete period of time, whenever it required any revision in the sample, a new sample is made (sometimes mock-up is workable too) as per new specification. It is sent to buyer for his approval of the conformity that- the revision is done correctly.

• Size set:

In size set, consists of 1 piece from each size for each color combination.

• Mock up:

Any part of the garment to make for particular purpose, not complete garment. Sometimes it is necessary to send to the buyer any part of the garments, such as sleeve, collar, neck etc and some accessories.

• Pre-Production sample:

When material for bulk production arrived, factory makes a sample with the actual material and sends to buyer.

• Production sample:

It is a reference to the buyer that the bulk is being produced as per specification. Buyer wants to be assured that correct material is sourced and line workmanship confirm to the quality.

• Shipping sample:

A sample is kept from every Pre Shipping inspection to be referred, if required, after the order has been delivered. Usually for any disputes (e.g. Claim) shipping sample is important.

Email to Supplier for Samples of Yarn, Fabric and Different Types Accessories for Buyer Approval. 

Dear Mr. Joren ,

I got an order from Spanish buyer. Its order no. # TW0832 and order quantity is 50000 Pcs. So I need yarn, Sewing thread and accessories within 15 days. Please see the attach file.

• Combed yarn.
• Sewing thread.
• Accessories.

Best regards,

Md Marajul Islam Khan

Ass. Merchandiser

Balaka Stitch(Pvt)Ltd

Buyer Approval Procedure of Fabrics, Color and Accessories

Fabric and accessories approval from the buyer is very important. According to the buyer color wise you have to outsourcing of the fabric. After collection of the fabric lap dip is done and show the fabric on the swatch submission card for better understanding of the buyer.

Procedure of Receiving for Price Quotations for Fabrics Accessories

Pricing is very important factors for any kind of business. After discussion with the supplier price is fixed. For fixing the price some points are followed such as-

• Low price.
• Quality of the goods.
• Sampling.

Price Negotiation Procedure with Different Suppliers

Listing to Supplier for Price Negotiation Meeting

• Square
• YKK
• The FAM Packaging Ltd.
• Alana Packaging Ltd.
• Famous Embroidery Ltd.
• Fahim Plastic Ltd.
• Bengal Plastic Ltd.                          

Writing Agenda for Price Negotiation Meeting

• Quality for Product
• Quantity of Product.
• In Time Delivery.
• Machine capacity
• Factory capacity.
• Man Power.

 Items Included in P.O

Those items are included in P.O. This are-

• Order quantity.
• Product description.
• Size breakdown.
• Supplier bank address.
• Buyer details.
• Country of origin.
• Payment terms.
• Carton marks.
• Fabric construction.
• Care label instruction.
• Port of loading.                                                                                         

P/I Collection Procedure from Supplies and Checking of P.I

After getting P.O from garment industry than supplier issue a P.I to merchandiser. This P.I sends by e-mail or DSL to the merchandiser. As like this way collect P.I from supplier. The checking procedure of P.I

Preparation Production Title for Production Taking

• Approval Sample
• Order sheet
• Measurement sheet
• Assortment
• Fabric quantity
• Packing list
• Carton measurement.

Sending Procedure Pre Production Sample Approved by Buyers, Production     File and Pattern to In charge of Factory

• Collect approved sample, production file and approved pattern from buyer.
• Merchandiser arrange meeting with production manager.
• Give clear idea about approved sample, production file and approved pattern.
• Than handover these items to PM.

 Improvement Production Through Work-Study Procedure

• BPT (Basic Pitch Time): Total standard time÷ No of operator
• UCL (Upper Control Limit): Basic pitch time÷ .85
• LCL (Lower Control Limit): 2×BPT-UCL
• Organization Efficiency: BPT÷ Highest bottleneck time×100
• Productivity: Per hour production ÷ Total operator
• Production Target: (No of operator×3600) ×85% ÷ Total standard time
• Actual production: 3600÷Height bottleneck time

Preparation of Shipping Samples and Sending to Buyer Through Proper Packing  and Documents

Shipping sample is prepared before shipment but it is send to buyer when final inspection is completed. This is an important sample to buyer that’s why sample department take extra care to make it. It is send to buyer by air.

 Sending Procedure of Shipping Sample:

• Making according to the measurement sheet.
• Quality check.
• Ironing.
• Labeling.
• Poly bagging.
• Forwarding letter.
• Measurement sheet.
• Finally re-check.
• Send to buyer by courier.

Invitation to Third Party Like SGS for Final Inspection

Dear Sir,

 Thanks, recently we have completed one order from UK Buyer. Now we are ready for final inspection. According to our buyer requirement need your organization final inspection certificate. So please come to our factory and final inspection this order and give the conformation date for final inspection.

Best regards,

Md Marajul Islam Khan

Ass. Merchandiser

Balaka Stitch(Pvt)Ltd

Chapter – 4

Supply Chain Department

 SUPPLY CHAIN/ PROCUREMENT DEPAETMENT

Inventory Management In Store With Proper Producer

Inventory is definite by Gold rat and Cox as mean “Money the system invests in things that intends to sell units of inventory that have value based on the total investment in the item, that may be well above the original cost value is added to materials during the production process.

Inventory includes all the items that have been purchased for change and sell-through that are the system at any given period of time, including materials waiting to be processed, work in process, and finished goods.

 How supply chain used in garments industry

Supply chain management is a cross-functional approach to manage the movement of raw materials into an organization, certain aspects of the internal processing of materials into finished goods, and then the movement of finished goods out of the organization toward the end-consumer. As organizations strive to focus on core competencies and becoming more flexible, they have reduced their ownership of raw materials sources and distribution channels. These functions are increasingly being outsourced to other entities that can perform the activities better or more cost effectively. The effect is to increase the number of organizations involved in satisfying customer demand, while reducing management control of daily logistics operations. Less control and more supply chain partners led to the creation of supply chain management concepts. The purpose of supply chain management is to improve trust and collaboration among supply chain partners, thus improving inventory visibility and improving inventory velocity. Several models have been proposed for understanding the activities required to manage material movements across organizational and functional boundaries. SCOR is a supply chain management model promoted by the Supply Chain Management Council. Another model is the SCM Model proposed by the Global Supply Chain Forum.  Supply chain activities can be grouped into strategic, tactical, and operational levels of activities.

 Meaning of supply chain

Supply chain management (SCM) is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the operations of the supply chain as efficiently as possible. Supply Chain Management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point-of-origin to point-of-consumption.

Some are parts:

Management System in Apparel Industery of Balaka Stitch Pvt. Ltd. (Part 1)

Management System in Apparel Industery of Balaka Stitch Pvt. Ltd. (Part 2)

Management System in Apparel Industery of Balaka Stitch Pvt. Ltd. (Part 3)