Ferric maltol, sold under the brand name Feraccru among others, is an iron containing medication for the treatment of adults with low iron stores. It is a compound used primarily as an iron supplement. It is taken by mouth. It is a combination of ferric iron (Fe3+) and maltol, a naturally occurring substance found in some foods and also used as a flavoring agent. It is commonly used as a dietary supplement or pharmaceutical ingredient due to its role in providing a bioavailable form of iron.
Ferric maltol is often used as a more bioavailable form of iron in dietary supplements, especially for people with iron deficiencies or anemia. It is absorbed in the intestines and provides a slower, more consistent release of iron, which can reduce some of the common discomforts associated with taking iron supplements.
Contraindications
The drug is contraindicated in people with hereditary hemochromatosis and other kinds of iron overload, as well as those repeatedly receiving blood transfusions and are therefore also at risk of developing iron overload.
Chemical Structure
Ferric maltol is a complex of ferric iron (Fe³⁺) and maltol (a natural organic compound with the formula C6H6O3). Maltol is a cyclic compound with a hydroxyl group and a ketone group, which can bind to metal ions like iron. The ferric ion (Fe³⁺) is coordinated to the maltol molecule in a chelated structure.
Solubility
Ferric maltol is soluble in water, which enhances its bioavailability compared to other forms of iron, especially in the context of iron supplementation.
Stability
Ferric maltol is less likely to cause constipation or discomfort, which is a common issue with other iron supplements. It is more stable than other iron salts (such as ferrous sulfate) and has fewer side effects like gastrointestinal irritation.
Occurrences in Nature
Ferric maltol does not occur naturally in the environment in significant amounts. However, maltol, the organic molecule, is found in a variety of foods, particularly those that undergo heating processes, such as baked goods, caramelized products, and roasted coffee.
Pharmaceutical Uses
Ferric maltol is primarily synthesized for use in iron supplementation, especially in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. It is a key component in certain iron supplements and medications designed to replenish iron levels in the body without the common side effects associated with other forms of iron.
It is particularly beneficial in treating iron deficiency anemia, especially in individuals who have difficulty absorbing other forms of iron or who experience side effects from other iron supplements.
Side effects
The most common side effects are flatulence (in 5% of people taking the drug), diarrhea (4%), constipation (4%), stool color change (4%), nausea (3%), vomiting (3%), and abdominal discomfort, bloating and pain (1%). Ferric maltol may cause serious side effects including increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease flare and iron overload in the body.
