Banking Activities and Transactions of Export and Import Bank

Main purpose of this report is to analysis Overall Banking Activities or Transactions of Export  Import Bank of Bangladesh (EXIM Bank Limited). EXIM Bank plays an essential role in economic development of an nation. At present all sorts of financial transactions including Basic Banking, Investment, and export and Import transactions are accomplished through Banks. People are depending on the all kind regarding banking business transactions buy and sell, to make general consumer banking, investment, loan and different related activities.

Introduction

Exim Bank is one of the recognized banks in our country. Commercial banks are one of the key contributors in the economy of developing countries. They act as financial intermediaries by performing the function of mobilizing the funds from one group and lending the same to another while making a reasonable amount of profit after meeting the cost of fund. Banking sector in Bangladesh has been pursuing the policy of expansion and growth of branches. People and the government itself are very much dependent on the services provided by the 55 banks in the financial market. To know how well commercial banks perform actually, a case study on Shimrail Branch EXIM Bank Ltd. is being taken. The banking practice of conventional banking and Islamic banking is highly different from the concept.

The Islamic concept thinks the interest as the harmful for the economy and banking should be done on the shariah basis. From the very beginning of this bank it was not operated under this concept of Islamic shariah which was converted into Islamic banking latter. The Islamic banking collects deposit from different view point so the whole banking practice with the clients differ highly from conventional banking.  The Islamic banks give the depositors the amount of profit they earn from their operation not the interest. So the credit contracts are ultimately differ from the conventional banking.

The Islamic banking used the credit in different name that is “investment”. Here the mode of investment is mainly dependent on the type of collateral. Here the bank goes with the client a type of business relationship where the bank made arrangement to conduct business for the client, the bank is the owner of the money and property where the client just provide the labor and share the profit with the bank.

This report in its beginning introduced the EXIM Bank Ltd. which shows the mission, vision and the other aspect like the capital constituents of the bank. Next the report shows the highlights on the Islamic banking concepts and the way the Islam thinks the interest and what a bank should be.

Though the Islamic banking is run by the different concepts Shimrail Branch is concerned with very short terms of Islamic banking practice. The big operational area is their credit so this report focuses on the some important credit terms. The big feature of this branch is that it has no classified loans but for the understanding the classification basis is shown.

Credit risk grading is another aspect of the credit concern, it is prepared for the credit more than one TK. Corer but as the Bangladesh Bank is requiring to prepare it from the nest year so the report focuses on it.

Capital adequacy is another important feature of the report. BB recently made a new circular by observing the up-coming economic condition of the country.

As one of the member financial market of the country the EXIM Bank Ltd. has to follow various rules of Bangladesh Bank regarding credit. So the most tools of Islamic bank are present here like, Credit Risk Grading, Capital Adequacy of BB, Loan Classification. The performance of this Branch is highly good for that it has no classified loan, growth is good.

There are various reasons for which the Islamic banking is successful and it is also suffering from serious type of limitations as well.

An overview of EXIM Bank

EXIM Bank Ltd is the name of a newly formed commercial bank but is the first of its kind in Bangladesh. It has been incorporated in Dhaka, EXIM Bank Limited as a public limited company and its head office is located at Printers Building, 5, Rajuk Avenue, Motijheel Commercial Area Dhaka 1000.In the world of consumerism, the business organization of the world strive for the consumers satisfaction as a number one business strategy whatever may be the product of the organization, either service or non-service. Service is the product a bank. There is a saying that customer service starts right from the stairs of the bank building. The guard at the door is the first person represents of the bank, receives a customer with wishes in smiling face.

Background of the organization

Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited (EXIM Bank) is a private commercial bank established in 1999 under the leadership of Late Mr. Shahjahan Kabir, founder Chairman who had a long dream of floating a commercial bank which would contribute to the socio-economic development of our country with the vision to stand out as a pioneer banking institution in Bangladesh. It was incorporated in 2nd June 1999 as a public Limited company under the companied act 1994 to carry out traditional banking business in Bangladesh and started its banking operation from 3rd August 1999 under the banking company Act 1991 with Mr. Alamgir Kabir, FCA as the advisor and Mr. Mohammad Lakiotullah as the Managing Director with the authorized capital of TK. 1000 million and initial Paid-up capital of TK. 225 million respectively. Both of them have long experience in the financial sector of our country. By their pragmatic decision and management directives in the operational activities, this bank has earned a secured and distinctive position in the banking industry in terms of performance, growth and excellent management .Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited (EXIM Bank Ltd) was named before as Bengal Export Import Bank Limited (BEXIM Bank Ltd.) being newly formed commercial Bank of the country with a distinctive identity. Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited is a 3rd generation bank in our country and has been rendering an important service thedevelopment of economy since its inception. As a commercial bank, the bank provides all traditional banking business including the wide range of savings and credit scheme products, retail banking and ancillary services with the support of modern technology and professional Excellency.

Organization Structure:

In the organization structure of the bank chairman is the head of the board of directors. There is one managing director, also the president who controls and supervises the main division of the bank. There is one Deputy Managing director who reports to him. Four Executive Vice presidents (EVP) and one Senior Executive Vice President (SEVP) report to the Deputy Managing Director. Executive Vice Presidents controls the credit with the help of four vice presidents who work under Executive Vice Presidents. Senior Executive Vice President controls the human resources and marketing division. The organizational hierarchy of EXIM BANK almost horizontal, which can show by the following:

Mission

• To maintain Corporate and business ethics.
• To make stock superior and rewarding to the customers/ share holders.
• To display team spirit and professionalism.
• To provide high quality financial services in export and import trade.
• To provide excellent quality customer service.

Vision

• To be the pioneer bank in the banking arena of Bangladesh under the Shariah guidelines and contribute significantly to the national economy.
• To provide standard financial services.
• Wealth maximization.

Objectives

To receive, borrow or raise money through deposits, loan or otherwise and to give guarantees and indemnities in respect of al debts and contracts.

• To establish welfare oriented banking systems.
• To play a vital role in human development and employment generation to invest money in such manner as may vary from time to time.
• To carry on business of buying and selling currency, gold and other valuable assets.
• To extend counseling and advisory services to the borrowers/ entrepreneurs etc. in utilizing credit facilities of the bank.
• To earn a normal profit for meeting the operational expenses, building of reserve and expansion of activities to cover wider geographical area.

Banking operation in various departments

GENERAL BANKING ACTIVITIES

General Banking is the starting point and main function of all the banking operations. It is the department, which provides day-to-day service to the customers. Everyday it collect deposit from the customers by allowing borrowing interest rate, meets their demand for cash by honoring cheques and lend it to the customers against lending interest rate. Lending interest rate is higher then borrowing interest rate, difference between borrowing interest rate and lending interest rate is the profit for the bank. It opens different types of accounts, remit funds, issue demand draft, telegraph transfer, pay order etc. since bank is confirmed to provide the services everyday general banking is also known as “Retail Banking’.

Divisions of General Banking in EXIM Bank Ltd:

• Account Opening
• Clearing Section
•  Remittance Section
•  Cash Section

Account Opening Section

Bank account is a contractual relationship between a bank and the customers. It is the best way for a customer to built relationship with the bank. Like interest-based conventional banks, the main function of EXIM Bank Ltd. is to mobilize saving and provide financial support to the entrepreneurs. Depositors receive interest in a predetermined rate for their deposits make with an interest based banks, where EXIM Bank Ltd. neither pay not receive interest and mobilizes saving of the common people in line with Islamic Shariah.

Deposit account can take on a various forms such as:

• Al – Wadiah Current Deposit (AC)
• Mudarabah Saving Deposit (MSD)
• Short – Term Deposit (STD)
• Mudaraba Term Deposit Receipt

Al – Wadiah Current Deposit (ACD)

EXIM Bank Ltd .received deposits in its Al – Wadiah Current Account. It has some similarity with the current account of conventional bank. The term Al – Wadiah Current

Deposit means deposit of money allowing somebody to sue it. Banks being a trustee preserves and keeps or in safe custody of what is deposited. Depositors feel safe in keeping their money with the bank and take transaction facilities. Bank provides assurance of returning money to the depositors on demand. In the process of opening Al-Wadiah Deposit, the bank gets approval of the depositors regarding the use of the deposited money and earns profit out of their development. Any losses incurred by way of such investment are totally borne by the Bank. Thus, the depositors don’t take the risk of losses with Al-Wadiah Current Deposit, they also don’t expect any profit form it. Depositors are provided with cheque book. They can withdraw or deposit any amount as and when they like. Bank may charge a fee in the account. Al-Wadiah Deposits are short terms and very uncertain, thus banks have to be very useful in the investment of money from this account.

General Documentation requires for opening a (ACD):

a) For a Individual Customer:

• Copy of the Passport, if available or Employer’s Certificate of Commissioner’s Certificate or Letter of Introduction by a person acceptable to the Bank.
• TIN Certificate, if applicable.
• Two recent passport size photographs duly attested by the Introducer.

b) For Sole Proprietorship:

• Copy of Trade License.
• Two recent passport size photographs of the Proprietor/Signatory duly attested by the Introducer.
• Copy of the passport of the Proprietor/Signatory, if available or Commissioner’s/Chairman’s Certificate or Letter of Introduction by a person acceptable to the Bank.
• TIN Certificate.

c) For Partnership:

• Copy of the Partnership Deed of the Firm.
• List of Partners with their address and phone number.
• Copy of Trade license.
• Extract of Resolution of the Partners of the Firm for opening the account and authorization for its operation duly certified by the managing Partner of the Firm.
• For Registered Partnership, Certificate of Registration of the Firm along with duly certified copy of the Partnership Deed.
• Two recent passport size photographs of each Partner/Signatory duly attested by the Introducer.
• Copy of the Passport of each Partner/Signatory, if available or Commissioner’s/Chairman Certificate or Letter of Introduction by a person acceptable to the Bank.
• TIN Certificate.

d) Private & Public Limited Company:

• Certified true copy and Article of Association of the Company.
• Certified true copy of Certificate of   Incorporation of the Company.
• Certified true copy of Certificate  of Business of the Company, in case of Public Limited Company.
• Latest list of Directors with address and phone number along with Form XII.
• Extracts of the duly adopted Resolution of the Board of Directors of the Company for opening the Account and authorization  for its operation duly certified by the Chairman/Managing Director of the Company.
• Copy of Trade License.
• Two recent passport size photographs of each signatory duly attested by the Introducer.
• Copy of the passport of each Signatory, if available or Commissioner’s/Chairman’s Certificate or
• Letter of Introduction by a person acceptable to the Bank.
• TIN Certificate.

Opening a Mudaraba Saving Deposit (MSD):

Mudaraba Saving Deposit (MSD) is open by the lower and middle classer people who wish to save a part of their incomes to meet their future need intend to earn an income from their savings. It aims at encouraging savings of non-trading person(s), institution(s), society, etc. by depositing small amount of money in the bank.

Restriction on withdrawals and deposit:

The number of withdrawals over a period of time is limited. Two withdrawals per week are permitted. But more than that no interest will be paid on rest amount for that montThe total amount of one or more withdrawal on any date should not exceed 25% of the balance in the account unless 7 (seven) days advance notice is given.

The customer may deposit any amount in the savings bank account subject to a minimum of Taka. 2000/- in the account.

Payment of Profit: 

EXIM Bank Ltd. is providing 8.5% profit on Mudaraba Saving Deposit.

Opening a saving account:

For Opening a Mudaraba Saving Deposit following documentation are required:

• Two copies of passport size photographs.
• Introductory reference.
• Commissioner’s/Chairman Certificate.

General Precautions of opening an MSD Account: After opening an account and before issuing a Chequebook the authorized officer should check the account opening form for the complete information, which is given by the customers:

• Name of the account holder.
• Photos of the account holder.
• Date of opening.
• Types of account
• Present & permanent address.
• Name of nominee and their address.
• Specimen signature in the form and in the “Specimen signature card”.
• Name, address, and the account number of the introducer

Mudaraba Short – Term Deposit (STD):

EXIM Bank Limited also receives short-term deposit from the clients. The SND account is different from the interest – based banks. It is also a Time Deposit account. The formalities for opening of this account are similar to those required for Al-Wadiah Current Account. The only difference is that seven (7) days notice is required minimum balance of tk. 50000. The rate of profit for this account is 6.50%. If the withdrawal on demand is desired, it may be paid subject to the forfeiture of profit for the period of notice or the expired of notice.

Mudaraba short term

It is like a fixed deposit in the conventional baking system but it does not receive or accept interest father, this account give profit and collect deposits. In this mode less that Tk. 1 crore or Tk. 1 crore and above can be deposited against client will get non-transferable instrument of equal amount. If a customer withdraw his/her money before one month than he/she will not get any kind of profit. On the other hand, after the matured if client don’t withdraw his/her money than it will be auto renewed with imposed profit for the next days. If a depositor would like to withdraw his profit after six months he/she will get the profit accordance with previous years profit rate. After the announced yearly profit or loss, if bank felt in loss positing then the depositor bound to incur the loss. In absence of account holder the selected nominee will get the money. Account holder bound to bear any kind of tax or excise duty according to government circular. The profit rates of this account are:

Mudaraba Super Savings Scheme (MSSS):

The EXIM Bank Ltd. gives the facility to the client by the Islamic Shariah Mudaraba rules and regulations. In this scheme depositors can deposit minimum than Tk. 5000/- for 6 years and after the maturity date accountholder will receive double than his/her deposited amount. Depositor will get 80% investment facility by deposit the deposit receipt. Bank can invest this amount any sector by the Islamic Shariah rules and regulations. Accountholder are bound to pay any government tax. For opening this account applicant need recent one copy photograph and one copy photograph of nominee. The profit rates of this account are:

 Mudaraba Multiplus Scheme (Triple)

Under this scheme the depositor’s money will be almost triple in 10 years period. Any individual, company, educational institution, government organization, NGO, trust, society etc can invest their saving under this scheme.

Mudaraba Hajj Scheme:

In order to smooth arrangement of fund for performing Hajj, the bank has introduced this scheme for 5, 8, 10, 15, &20 years periodfacility by transfer funds from one place to another. Some of the instrument that EXIM Bank Ltd., Foreign Exchange Branch provides are immense beneficial to the client.

Remittance

facility by transfer funds from one place to another. Some of the instrument that EXIM Bank Ltd., Foreign Exchange Branch provides are immense beneficial to the clients. These are:

• Demand Draft (DD)
• Pay Order (PO)
• Telegraphic Transfer (TT)

Demand Draft (DD):

Demand Draft is an order of issuing bank in another branch of the same bank to pay specified sum of money to the payee on demand. It is generally issued when customer wants to remit money in any place which is out side of the clearinghouse area of issuing branch payee can be purchaser himself or another. Bearing money may be risky. It is anegotiable instrument and it can be crossed or not. For payment of DD, paying branch first has to be confirmed that the DD is not forged one.First bank Cheques the “Test Code” mentioned on the draft. If “Taste Code” agrees then believe that DD is not forged and makes payments. For further confirmation, the issuing bank sends an advice about the DD to the paying branch. For DD, commission is taken in the following way:

Pay Order (PO):

This is very important instrument of the Bank. Pay Order gives the payee the right to claim payment from the issuing bank. It can be en-cashed from issuing bank only. Unlike Cheque, there is no possibility of dishonoring pay order because before issuing pay order bank takes out the money of the pay order in advance. Pay order cannot be endorsed or crossed and so it is not negotiable instrument. Pay Order commission is like this:

Telegraphic Transfer (TT):

Telegraphic Transfer is the quick service system than others. By this method money is transfer to another place by telegraphic message. The sender branch will request another branch to pay required money to the required payee on demand. Generally for such kind of transaction payees should have account with the paying bank. Otherwise it is very difficult for the paying bank to recognize the exact payee. Test code is also furnished on the TT message for the protection of it. When sending money is urgent then bank use telephone for remittance. This service is only provided for valued customers. Who is very reliable and have long-standing relationship with bank, TT commissions are:

Foreign Remittance:

Outward Remittance;

Most outward remittance is approved by the Add on behalf of the Bangladesh Bank following declaration of Taka as convertible for current account payments from March, 1994. Only a few remittances of special nature require Bangladesh Bank’s prior approval.All remittances from Bangladesh to a foreign country or local currency credited to on resident Taka accounts of foreign banks or convertible Taka account constitutes out ward remittances of foreign exchange. Add must exercise greatest caution to ensure that foreign currencies remitted or released by them are used only for the purpose forwhich they are released; they should also maintain proper records for submission of returns to Bangladesh Bank as also for the letters inspection from time to time.It is most important that, once forms have been approved by or on behalf of the Bangladesh Bank, the Add carry out the transactions only on behalf of the original applications for which the forms were approved. Permits issued (where applicable) by the Bangladesh Bank must be utilized within the period of its validity indicated in the permits. The amount released must not exceed the Authorized limit.Also instructions, if any given in the permits with regard to he amounts to be released periodically e.g. monthly or quarterly must be strictly adhered.

Inward Remittance

The term inward remittance includes not only remittances by T.T, draft, etc. but also purchase of bills, purchase of Travelers cheque. Inward remittance covers purchase of foreign currency sent from abroad favoring a beneficiary bank in Bangladesh. Remittance receives against export should be certified and reported on EXP forms. In case of remittance received in advance for exports the AD should obtain a signed declaration from the beneficiary on the back of the “Advance Receipt Voucher” certifying the purpose of remittance.

Foreign Exchange

Foreign exchange is the means and methods by which rights to wealth in a country’s currency are converted into rights to wealth in another country’s currency. In banks when we talk of foreign exchange, we refer to the general mechanism by which a bank converts currency of one country into that of another. Foreign Exchange Department (FED) is the international department Bangladesh Bank issues license to scheduled banks to deal with foreign exchange. These banks are known as Authorized Dealers.  If the branch is authorized dealer in foreign exchange market, it can remit foreign exchange from local country to foreign countries.  So   EXIM Bank, Principal branch is an authorized dealer

There are three kinds of foreign exchange transaction:

1. Import
2. Export

Import

To import, a person should be competent to be and importer’. According to Import and Export Control Act, 1950, the Office Of Chief Controller Of Import and Export provides the registration (IRC) to the importer. In an international business environment, buyers and sellers are generally unknown to each other. So seller of goods always seekssecurity for the payment of his exported goods. Bank gives export guarantee that it will pay for the goods on behalf of the buyer if the buyer does not pay.

Letter of Credit ; A conditional written undertaken issued by the importer’s (applicant) bank to the exporter (beneficiary) at the request of the importer to effect payment up to a stated amount within a stated time period against presentation of complaint documents.

The LC is governed by International Chamber of commerce (ICC)publication no.500.

Steps for import L/C Operation – 8 steps operation

Step 1 – Registration with CCI&E

• For engaging in international, trade, every trader must be first registered with the Chief Controller of Import and Export,
• By paying specified registration fees to the CCI&E. the trader will get [RC/ERC (Import/Export Registration Certificate), to open L/C with bank, this IRC is must

Step 2 – Determination terms of credit

The terms of the letter of credit are depending upon the contract between the Importer and exporter. The terms of the credit specify the amount of credit, name and address of the beneficiary and opener, tenor of the bill of exchange, period and mode of shipment and of destination, nature of credit, expiry date, name and number of sets of ship documents etc

Step 3 – Proposal for Opening of L/C

To have an import LC limit an importer submits an application to department to EXIM Bank. The proposal contains the following particular

• Full particulars of the bank account
• Nature of business
• Required amount of limit
• Payment terms and conditions
• Goods to be imported
• Offered security
• Repayment schedule

Step 4 – Application by importer to the banker to open letter of credit

• For opening L/C, the importer is required to fill up a prescribed application form provided by the banker along with the following documents:

Step 5 – Opening of L/C by the bank for the opener:

• Taking filled up application form from the importer.
• Collects credit report of exporter from exporter’s country through his foreign correspondence there.
• Opening bank then issues credit by air mail/TEL EX/SWIFT followed by L/C advice as asked by the opener through his foreign correspondent or branch as the case may be, at the place of beneficiary. The advising bank advises the L/C to the beneficiary on his own form where it is addressed to him or merely hand over the original L/C to the beneficiary if it is so addressed.

Step 6 – Shipment of goods and lodgment of documents by exporter:

Then exporter ships the goods to the destination of the importer country.

Sends die documents to the L/C opening bank through his negotiating bank. Generally the following documents are sent to the Opening Banker with L/C:

Step 7 – Lodgment of Documents by the opening Bank from the negotiating bank

After receiving the documents, the opening banker scrutinizes the documents. If any discrepancy found, it informs the importer, If importer accepts the fault, then opening bankers call importer retiring the document. At this time many thing can happen. These are indicated in the following:

• Discrepancy found but the importer accepts – no problem occurs in lodgment.
• Discrepancy found and importer not agreed to accept – In this case, importer protest and send back all the documents to the exporter and request his to make in the specified manner. Here banker is not bound to pay because the documents send by exporter is not in accordance with the terms of L/C.
• Documents are OK but importer is willing to retire the documents – In this case bank is obligated to pay the price of exported goods. Since importer did not pay for bill of exchange, this payment by bank is one kind of credit to the importer and this credit in banking is known as PAD.

• Everything is O.K. but importer fails to clear goods from the port and request bank to clear – In this case banks clear the goods and takes delivery of the same by paying customs duty and sales tax etc. So, this expenditure is debited to the importer’s account and in banking it is called LIM.

Export

The goods and services sold by Bangladesh to foreign households, businessmen and Government are called export. The export trade of the country is regulated by the Imports and Exports (control) Act, 1950. There are a number of formalities, which an exporter has to fulfill before and after shipment of goods. The exports from Bangladesh are subject to export trade control exercised by the Ministry Of Commerce through Chief Controller of Imports and Exports (CCI & E). No exporter is allowed to export any commodity permissible for export from Bangladesh unless he is registered with CCI & E and holds valid Export Registration Certificate (ERC). The ERC is required to be renewed every year, The ERC number is to be incorporated on EXP forms and other documents connected with exports. The formalities and procedure are enumerated as follows;

4. Obtaining exports LC: To get export LC form exporter issued by the importer.
5. Submission of export documents; Exporter has to submit all necessary documents to the collecting bank after shipping of goods
6. Checking of export documents; after getting the documents banker used to Check the documents as per LC terms
7. Negotiation of export documents; If the bank accepts the document and pays the value draft to the exporter and forward the document to issuing bank that is called a negotiating bank. IF the bank does buy the LC then the bank normally acts as collecting bank.
8. Realization of proceeds: This is the period when the issuing bank has realized the payment.
9. Reporting to the Bangladesh bank: As per instruction by Bangladesh bank the bank has to report to respective department of Bangladesh bank by mentioning latest payment.
10. Issue to proceeds realization certificate (PRC): Bank has to issue precedent realization certificate of export LC to the supplier/ exporter for getting cash assistant.

Export operation

Bangladesh exports a large quantity of goods and services to foreign households. Readymade textile garments (both knitted and woven). Jute, Jute-made products frozen shrimps, tea are the main goods that Bangladeshi exporters exports to foreign countries. Garments sector is the largest sector that exports the lion share of the country’s export. Bangladesh exports most of its readymade garments products to U.S.A and European Community (EC) countries.

Bangladesh exports about 40% of its readymade garments products to U.S.A. Most of the exporters who export through EXIM BANK are readymade garment exporters. They open export L/Cs here to export their goods, which they open against the import L/Cs opened by their foreign importers.Export L/C operation is just reverse of the import L/C operation. For exporting goods by the local exporter, bank may act as advising banks and collecting bank (negotiable bank) for the exporter,

• As an advising bank

It receives documents from the foreign importer and hands it over to the exporter. Sometimes it adds confirmation on the L/C on request from the Opening Bank. By adding confirmation, it assumes the responsibility to make payment to the exporter.

• As Negotiating Bank

It negotiates the bills and other shipping documents in Favor of the exporter. That is, it collects the proceeds of the export-bill from the drawer and credits the exporter’s account for the same. Collection proceed from the export bill is deposited in the bank’saccount in the importer’s country. Sometimes the bank purchases the bills at discount and waits till maturity of the bill. When the bill matures, bank presents it to the drawer to incash it.In our country, Export and Import operation of bank is very much related with one another because of use of Back to Back and maturity of payment for Back-to-Back L/C is set in such that it can be paid out of export.

Back-To- Back L/C 

It is simply issued to the clients against an import L/C. Back-to-Back mechanism involves two separate L/C. One is master Export L/C and another is Back-to-Back L/C. On the strength of Master Export L/C bank issues bank to Back L/C. Back-to-Back L/C is commonly known as Buying L/C. On the contrary, Master Export L/C is known as Selling L/C.

Features of Back to Back L/C

• An Import L/C to procure goods /raw materials for further processing.
• It is opened based on Export L/C.
• It is a kind of Export Finance.
• Export L/C is at Sight but back to Back L/C is at Usance.
• No margin is required to open Back to back L/C
• Application is registered with CCI&E
• Applicant has bonded warehouse license.
• L/C value shall not exceed the admissible percentage of net FOB value of relative Master L/C.
• Usance period will be up to 180 days.
• The import L/C is opened for 75% of the value of Export L/C.
• Here L/C issued against the lien of export L/C.
• Arrangements are such that export L/C matures first then out of this export profit, import L/C is paid out.

Documents Required for Opening a Back-to-back L/C

In EXTM Bank Principal Branch, following papers/ documents are required for opening a back-to-back L/C-

1. Master L/C
2. Valid Import Registration Certificate (IRC) and Export Registration Certificate (ERC)
3. L/C Application and LCAF duly filled in and signed.
4. Perform Invoice or Indent
5. Insurance Cover Note with money receipt
6. IMP Form duly signed

Mode of payment of export bill under L/C:

As per UCPDC 500, 1993 revision there are four types of credit. These are as follows:

• Sight Payment Credit: In a Sight Payment Credit, the bank pays the stipulated sum immediately against the exporter’s presentation of the documents.
• Deferred payment Credit: In deferred payment, the bank agrees to pay on a specified future date or event, after presentation of the export documents. No bill of exchange is involved. Payment is given to the party at the rate of D.A 60-90-120-180 as the case may be. But the Head office is paid at T.T clean rate. The difference between the two rates us the exchange trading for the branch.
• Acceptance credit: In acceptance credit, the exporter presents a bill of exchange payable to himself and drawn at the agreed tenor (that is, on a specified future date or event) on the bank that is to accept it. The bank signs its acceptance on the bill and returns it to the exporter. The exporter can then represent it for payment on maturity. Alternatively he can discount it in order to obtain immediate payment.
• Negotiation Credit: In Negotiation credit, the exporter has to present a bill of exchange payable to him in addition to other documents that the bank negotiates.

SWOT Analysis

SWOT analysis is the detailed study of an organization’s exposure and potential in perspective of its strength, weakness, opportunity and threat. This facilitates the organization to make their existing line of performance and also foresee the future to improve their performance in comparison to their competitors. As though this tool, an organization can also study its current position, it can also be considered as an important tool for making changes in the strategic management of the organization.

Strengths:

• EXIM Bank Limited has already established a favorable reputation in the banking industry of the country. It is one of the leading private sector commercial banks in Bangladesh. The bank has already shown a tremendous growth in the profits and deposits sector.
• ­­ EXIM Bank has provided its banking service with a top leadership and management position. The Board of Directors headed by its Chairman Mr. Md. Nazrul Islam is a skilled person in business world. Alamgir Kabir, the Advisor of the bank is a reputed senior chartered accountant having 30 years vast experience in accounts, audit, finance and banking at home and abroad. Mohammed Lakiotullah as the Managing Director of the bank management team. The top management officials have all worked in reputed banks and their years of banking experience, skill, expertise will continue to contribute towards further expansion of the bank.
• EXIM Bank Limited has already achieved a high growth rate accompanied by an impressive profit growth rate in 2001. The number of deposits and the loans and advances are also increasing rapidly.
• EXIM Bank has an interactive corporate culture. The working environment is very friendly, interactive and informal. And, there are no hidden barriers

Weakness:

• The main important thing is that the bank has no clear mission statement and strategic plan. The banks not have any long-term strategies of whether it wants to
• focus on retail banking or become a corporate bank. The path of the future should be determined now with a strong feasible strategic plan.
• The bank failed to provide a strong quality-recruitment policy in the lower and some mid level position. As a result the services of the bank seem to be Deus in the present days.

The poor service quality has become a major problem for the bank. The quality of the service at EXIM Bank is higher than the Dhaka Bank, Prime Bank or Dutch Bangla Bank etc. But the bank has to compete with the Multinational Bank located here.

• Some of the job in EXIM Bank has no growth or advancement path. So lack of motivation exists in persons filling those positions. This is a weakness of EXIM Bank that it is having a group of unsatisfied employees.
• In terms of promotional sector, EXIM Bank has to more emphasized on that. They have to follow aggressive marketing campaign.

Opportunity:.

In order to reduce the business risk, EXIM Bank has to expand their business portfolio. The management can consider options of starting’;;

• merchant banking or diversify into leasing and insurance sector.
• The activity in the secondary financial market has direct impact on the primary financial market. Banks operate in the primary financial market. Investment in the secondary market governs the national economic activity. Activity in the national economy controls the business of the bank.
• Opportunity in retail banking lies in the fact that the country’s increased population is gradually learning to adopt consumer finance. The bulk of our population is middle class. Different types of retail lending products have great appeal to this class. So a wide variety of retail lending products has a very large and easily pregnable market
• A large number of private banks coming into the market in the recent time. In this competitive environment EXIM Bank must expand its product line to enhance its sustainable competitive advantage. In that product line, they can introduce the ATM
• to compete with the local and the foreign bank. They can introduce credit card and debit card system for their potential customer.

Threats:

• All sustain multinational banks and upcoming foreign, private banks posse’s enormous threats to EXIM Bank Limited. If that happens the intensity of competition will rise further and banks will have to develop strategies to compete against an on slough of foreign the banks.
• The default risks of all terms of loan have to be minimizing in order to sustain in the financial market. Because default risk leads the organization towards to bankrupt. EXIM Bank has to remain vigilant about this problem so that proactive strategies are taken to minimize this problem if not elimination.
• The low compensation package of the employees from mid level to lower level position threats the employee motivation. As a result, good quality employees leave the organization and it effects the organization as a whole.

  PROBLEMS OF EXIM BANK

General Banking department

• In general banking department they follow the traditional banking system. The entire general banking procedure is not fully computerized.
• The cash counter I think is congested and the procedure is also traditional
• Lack of variety of services is also a back of the general banking department. The bank provides only some traditional limited services to its clients.

• They are not using data base networking in the Information Technology (IT) Department.

• According to some clients opinion introducer is one of the problems to open an account. If a person, who is new in the city, wants to open account, it is a problem for her/his to arrange an introducer of SB or CD account holder.

Loans and Advances Department

• Political influence is one of the major problems in Bangladesh. Due to political intervention the bank becomes obligated to provide loans in most of the cases, which are rarely recovered. Bank has to face this in convenience situation almost every year.
• The Loans and Advances Department takes a long time to process a loan because the process of sanctioning loan is done manually.
• Sometimes the securities taken against the loan are deliberately overruled by the employees to unlawfully help the client. As a result if the clients fail  to repay the  bank authority cannot invested by the selling those assets. is also a very important factor that leads to loan default.

• CIB report is not readily available from Bangladesh Bank.

Foreign Exchange Department

• In Foreign Exchange Department it is required to communicate with foreign banks frequently and quickly. To make the process easily modern communication media for example e-mail, fax, Internet etc. should be used. But the bank has not so much practice of using these media.

• Modern technical equipment such as computer is not sufficient in Foreign Exchange Department. As a result the exchange process makes delay and it is also complicated.

• Other Problem; EXIM Bank doesn’t give their attention on advertisement. As a competition market it is too much important for any organization to increasing their advertisements procedure.

Conclusion

As an internee of EXIM Bank Ltd. I have truly enjoying my internship from the learning and experience viewpoint. I am confident that this three months internship program at EXIM Bank will definitely help me to realize my further carrier in the job market. EXIM bank has converted all of their system and policy of traditional banking to Islamic Banking. I think which a very practical and bold decision is. As there are lots of local and foreign banks in Bangladesh the EXIM Bank Ltd. Is promising commercial Bank among them. In this competitive market EXIM Bank has to compete not only the others commercial banks but also with the public Bank. EXIM Bank Ltd. Is more capable of contributing towards economic development as compared with other bank. EXIM Bank Ltd. Invested more funds in export and import business. It is obvious that the right thinking of this bank including establishing a successful network over the country and increasing resources will be able to play a considerable role in the portfolio of development. Success in the banking business largely depends on effective lending. Less the amount of loan losses, the more the income will be from Credit operations the more will be the profit of the EXIM Bank Limited and here lays the success .During the course of my practical orientation I have tried to learn the practical banking activities to realize itwith my theoretical knowledge, have greathearted and going to acquire from various courses of my MBA program.

Recommendations

1. The entire department should be well informed regarding their goals and objectives. It is essential to execute company objectives into individual target. There must be a clear allocation of responsibility authority and accountability.
2. One of the most import limitations is that it has no that much of advertisement of its EXIM bank operations. It can gain dual benefit of attracting deposit and credit. The bank should take the initiative to develop an effective research and development center to get innovative ideas to capture the competition. Job description should be clarified and proper training should be imparted to improve the performance of bottom level management.
3. Selection and training must be focused to develop and exploit leadership and entrepreneurial qualities within the work place.
4. While the other banks are launching “Consumer Credit Scheme” EXIM Bank is failing to launch this kind of scheme. The management can undertake such sort of schemes and earn profit.
5. To meet today’s urging of the customer, the bank should introduce Automated Teller Machine (ATM).
6. The bank should provide total investment money at once to the clients so that they can exploit money properly.
7. EXIM Bank should provides facilities to the internees through monthly allowance, proper placement and practical operations as well as job certainly to those who have shown better performance in doing their particulars. Because this internship program may act as promotional program.