Environment

Urban ponds are artificial bodies of water that are created in urban or suburban areas, typically for recreational or aesthetic purposes. These ponds can play…

Tire recycling is the process of repurposing old and used tires into new materials, products, or energy. Tires are made from various materials, including rubber,…

Rubber pollution refers to the environmental impact caused by the improper disposal or mismanagement of rubber products, particularly those made from synthetic rubber. Rubber pollution…

Marine plastic pollution is the presence of plastic waste in the ocean and other bodies of water. It is a significant environmental issue that poses…

Plastic pollution is the accumulation of plastic products in the environment, including land, water, and air. Plastic is a non-biodegradable material, meaning that it does…

A redox gradient is a variation in the redox potential of a system along a spatial or temporal axis. Redox potential is a measure of…

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, and it plays several important roles on Earth. It is mostly used to make water. Hydrogen…

The hydrogen cycle is the circulation of hydrogen atoms through various forms in the environment. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, but…

Oxygen (O2) is essential for ocean life, but as sea temperatures rise, oxygen becomes less soluble, a process known as deoxygenation (Gao et al., 2019).…

Ocean acidification is a process by which the pH of seawater becomes more acidic over time. This occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere…

The carbonate–silicate geochemical cycle is a natural process in which carbon dioxide (CO2) is removed from the Earth’s atmosphere and converted into carbonates through chemical…

Soil carbon feedback refers to a complex interaction between the Earth’s climate and the amount of carbon stored in soil. When temperatures rise due to…