Economics

Transaction costs are costs incurred that do not accrue to any of the transaction’s participants. It is a cost in making any economic trade when…

A transfer payment is a one-way payment made to a person or organization for which no goods or services were given or exchanged. In macroeconomics…

A price floor is a set of minimum prices for products and services that is generally imposed by the government. Governments typically establish a price…

Transport finance is the study of how transportation networks are paid for. With rising fuel prices and high operational costs, cash flow in the haulage…

Transport Economics is concerned with the optimal allocation of scarce resources within the transportation sector as well as between the transportation sector and other economic…

In regression analysis, the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) assesses the degree of multicollinearity. It’s the ratio (quotient) between the variance of estimating a parameter in…

An investor who purchases foreign financial assets is known as a foreign portfolio investment (FPI). Fixed deposits, equities, and mutual funds are among the financial assets…

When one nation retaliates against another by raising import taxes or imposing other limitations on the latter’s imports, it is known as a trade war.…

Top-down analysis begins with macroeconomic statistics and progresses to a more detailed sector examination. It’s all about looking at the broad picture when it comes…

The monetary base (also known as base money, money base, high-powered money, reserve money, outside money, central bank money, or narrow money in the United…

Money aggregates are broad categories used to quantify an economy’s money supply. MFI and central government (post office, treasury, etc.) monetary liabilities to non-MFI euro…

The European Monetary System (EMS) was a 1979 multilateral adjustable exchange rate agreement in which members of the European Economic Community (now the European Union)…