Age stratification in sociology refers to the hierarchical classification of people into age groups within a society. The division of a population into different age groups or cohorts for the purpose of studying or analyzing social, economic, or demographic patterns is referred to as age stratification. It can also be defined as a system of age-related inequalities. In Western societies, for example, both the elderly and the young are perceived and treated as relatively incompetent, and they are largely excluded from social life. It is a way of understanding how age-related factors influence various aspects of society and how different age groups may face unique challenges, opportunities, and roles.
Age stratification based on ascribed status is a major source of inequality and may result in ageism. Age stratification acknowledges that people of different ages have unique characteristics, needs, and experiences that shape their lives. It enables researchers, policymakers, and social scientists to investigate how factors such as education, employment, healthcare, social welfare, and intergenerational relationships differ across age groups. Ageism is a social inequity caused by age stratification. This is a sociological concept associated with the study of the ageing population.
Age stratification is visible in many societies through age-based social institutions and practices. Education systems, for example, frequently divide students into different grade levels based on their age, and retirement policies may establish eligibility criteria based on a specific age. Workforce trends, social norms, family structures, government policies, and even health outcomes can all be affected by age stratification within a population. Cultural norms and expectations regarding marriage, family, and social roles also exhibit age stratification.
Understanding age stratification is critical for addressing intergenerational equity, social welfare, and policy planning issues. Societies can develop targeted interventions and policies to support the well-being and development of individuals across the lifespan by recognizing the diversity and unique needs of different age groups.
