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Plasma physics is the study of charged particles and fluids getting with self-consistent electric along with magnetic fields. This is a basic research discipline which…

An electrical sail (also termed electric solar wind sail or E-Sail) is usually a proposed form connected with spacecraft propulsion using the dynamic pressure with…

The magnetic sail has been invented by Dana Andrews and Robert Zubrin employed in collaboration in 1988. A magnetic sail is a proposed method associated…

Solar sail is a form of spacecraft propulsion while using the radiation pressure (also called solar pressure) via stars to push large ultra-thin decorative mirrors…

The solar wind is a stream of vitalized, charged particles, primarily electrons and protons, flowing outward from the Sun, through the solar system at speeds…

A magnetosphere is the region of space surrounding an astronomical object where charged particles are controlled by that object’s magnetic discipline. Near the surface of…

A astrophysical maser is a naturally occurring way to obtain stimulated spectral range emission, typically within the microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. This kind…

This composition of interstellar ice could be determined through the infrared spectrum. Interstellar ice consists of grains of volatiles from the ice phase that form…

Molecular cloud, also called dark nebula is an interstellar clump or cloud that is opaque to its internal dust grains. The form of such dark…

This interstellar medium comprises multiple phases, known by whether make any difference is ionic, atomic, or molecular, and the temp and density in the matter.…

This interplanetary medium includes interplanetary dust, cosmic rays as well as hot plasma from the solar wind. The temperature on the interplanetary medium differs. For…

A deep geological repository is often a nuclear waste archive excavated deep in a stable geologic environment (typically below 300 m or 1000 feet). It…