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Semiconductor ring lasers (SRLs) are small ring laser devices that could be used in optoelectronics, photonics, and all-optical circuits. It is a type of laser…

Total external reflection is a phenomena that, in theory, can involve any sort of electromagnetic or other wave and is closely connected to total internal…

Synchrotron radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation produced when charged particles, mainly electrons, are accelerated in a circular route within a synchrotron facility. It…

The electromagnetic radiation released by non-relativistic speeding charged particles deflected by a magnetic field is known as cyclotron radiation. It is a type of electromagnetic…

A dielectric wireless receiver is a device that captures wireless signals by using dielectric materials, which are insulators that do not carry electricity. It is…

Acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) are devices that employ sound waves to change the strength, frequency, or phase of a laser beam. It, also known as a…

Behavioral enrichment is a technique used in captive animal care to improve the physical and psychological well-being of the animals. It is an animal husbandry…

Biohydrogen is a form of hydrogen gas (H2) produced biologically, often by microorganisms such as bacteria and algae. H2 is the product of biological processes.…

Alfacalcidol (or 1-hydroxycholecalciferol) is a vitamin D analogue used in human supplementation and as a poultry feed ingredient. It is a drug that contains a…

Phytofluene is a carotenoid pigment found naturally in plants, most notably tomatoes, red carrots, and watermelons. It is a colorless carotenoid present in tomatoes and…

Phytochromes are photoreceptor proteins found in plants and other creatures that play an important role in sensing and responding to light. These proteins are found…

Phototropins are a type of photoreceptor protein found in plants that play an important part in phototropism, which is the growth or movement of a…