Tribology The tribological interactions of a solid surface’s uncovered face with interfacing supplies and environment may cause loss of material on the surface. Tribology is the…
Carbonitriding Carbonitriding resembles gas carburization with the addition of ammonia to the carburizing atmosphere, which provides a source involving nitrogen. Carbonitriding is usually a metallurgical surface…
Ferritic Nitrocarburizing Ferritic nitrocarburizing or less commonly known as Ferritic nitrocarburising, in British English, is an array of case hardening operations that diffuse nitrogen and also carbon…
Nitriding Definition Nitriding is a highly specialized surface hardening treatment that produces a thin but high hardness case on a wide variety of steels. Nitriding was utilized to…
Ambipolar Diffusion Throughout plasma physics, ambipolar diffusion is closely related to the very idea of quasineutrality. In the majority of plasmas, the forces performing on the ions…
Plasma Physics Plasma physics is the study of charged particles and fluids getting with self-consistent electric along with magnetic fields. This is a basic research discipline which…
Electric Sail An electrical sail (also termed electric solar wind sail or E-Sail) is usually a proposed form connected with spacecraft propulsion using the dynamic pressure with…
Magnetic Sail The magnetic sail has been invented by Dana Andrews and Robert Zubrin employed in collaboration in 1988. A magnetic sail is a proposed method associated…
Solar Sail Solar sail is a form of spacecraft propulsion while using the radiation pressure (also called solar pressure) via stars to push large ultra-thin decorative mirrors…
Solar Wind The solar wind is a stream of vitalized, charged particles, primarily electrons and protons, flowing outward from the Sun, through the solar system at speeds…
Magnetosphere A magnetosphere is the region of space surrounding an astronomical object where charged particles are controlled by that object’s magnetic discipline. Near the surface of…
Astrophysical Maser A astrophysical maser is a naturally occurring way to obtain stimulated spectral range emission, typically within the microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. This kind…