Science

Photoionization is the physical process in which an ion is formed from the interaction of a photon with an atom or molecule. This ionization produced…

Electrospray is an electrohydrodynamic technique similar to electrospinning. Electrospray ionization (ESI) is a technique used in mass spectrometry to produce ions using an electrospray in…

Chemical ionization (CI) is a soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry. CI is based on the reactions of gaseous analyte molecules with an excess…

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a widely used technique for determining the local geometric and/or electronic structure of matter. It is a technique that provides…

Penning ionization is a form of chemical-ionization, an ionization process involving reactions between neutral atoms or molecules. It is a fundamental atomic collision process whereby…

Water is the most important element you feed your body each and every day; therefore, it’s important to fuel up with clean and pure water.…

The Faroe Islands (/ˈfɛəroʊ/; Faroese: Føroyar, pronounced (ˈfœɹjaɹ); Danish: Færøerne, pronounced (ˈfɛɐ̯ˌøˀɐnə)), or the Faeroe Islands are a group of 18 islands in the North…

Thermal ionization is the ionization of a gas or vapor produced by subjecting it to a high temperature. It also is known as surface ionization…

Backward induction is the process of reasoning backward in time, from the end of a problem or situation, to determine a sequence of optimal actions.…

Water purification is the process by which water is treated so that it can be consumed by human beings without there being a risk to health. It is…

Marine biodiversity includes coastal and marine plant and animal species, their genetic variety, the habitats and ecosystems they form part of, and the ecological processes…

Spark ionization is a method used to produce gas-phase ions from a solid sample. The prepared solid sample is vaporized and partially ionized by an…