Geography

Volcanoes can be extremely hazardous natural phenomena. That is why it is important to understand as much as possible about them, in an attempt to…

Lake Nyos is a crater lake inside a dormant volcano. The lake had become laden with carbon dioxide gas. This gas had suddenly bubbled out of…

This lecture introduce on Gas Monitoring in Volcano. Commonly gas output from a volcano increases or changes composition before an eruption. As magma rises to the surface it…

Principle objective of this lecture is to present on Deformation Monitoring.  “Tiltmeters” are used to measure the deformation of the volcano. The tiltmeters measure changes in slope…

Seismic activity is defined as the types, frequency and size of earthquakes that happen over a period of time in a certain area. Many erupts are…

Major purpose of this lecture is to present on Volcano Monitoring. Volcano Observatories are set up on all active volcanoes that threaten the human population. These are…

Lava flows although generally slower moving and less catastrophic than pyroclastic flows still remain dangerous. It have temperatures in excess of 200 degrees Celsius. Therefore…

The aim of this lecture is to present on How do Pyroclastic Flows cause devastation? The direct force of a pyroclastic flow traveling at 10’s of metres…

Prime purpose of this lecture is to present on Pyroclastic Flow. Pyroclastic Flow is a dense, destructive mass of very hot ash, lava fragments, and gases ejected explosively…

Basic purpose of this lecture is to present on Volcanic Eruptions. A volcano is a vent or ‘chimney’ that connects molten rock (magma) from within the Earth’s…

General purpose of this lecture is to present on Volcanoes. A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows…

A volcano is a mountain that forms when magma reaches the surface of the Earth. Magma rises because it is less dense than the solid rock…