Geography

Hurricanes are severe tropical storms that form in the southern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Hurricanes gather heat…

This lecture introduce on Snowflake Symmetry: Rotations and Translations in Nature. Snowflakes are all six sided because of their chemistry. They are made of water molecules. Water molecules are…

Principle objective of this lecture is to present on Lightning. The action of rising and descending air within a thunderstorm separates positive and negative charges. Water and ice…

This lecture introduce on Earth’s Weather: Oceans and Air Temperature. Here briefly focus on how do oceans affect temperature on land. The ocean plays a fundamental role…

Volcanoes can be extremely hazardous natural phenomena. That is why it is important to understand as much as possible about them, in an attempt to…

Lake Nyos is a crater lake inside a dormant volcano. The lake had become laden with carbon dioxide gas. This gas had suddenly bubbled out of…

This lecture introduce on Gas Monitoring in Volcano. Commonly gas output from a volcano increases or changes composition before an eruption. As magma rises to the surface it…

Principle objective of this lecture is to present on Deformation Monitoring.  “Tiltmeters” are used to measure the deformation of the volcano. The tiltmeters measure changes in slope…

Seismic activity is defined as the types, frequency and size of earthquakes that happen over a period of time in a certain area. Many erupts are…

Major purpose of this lecture is to present on Volcano Monitoring. Volcano Observatories are set up on all active volcanoes that threaten the human population. These are…

Lava flows although generally slower moving and less catastrophic than pyroclastic flows still remain dangerous. It have temperatures in excess of 200 degrees Celsius. Therefore…

The aim of this lecture is to present on How do Pyroclastic Flows cause devastation? The direct force of a pyroclastic flow traveling at 10’s of metres…