Biology

Signal transduction is the transmission of molecular signals from a cell’s exterior to its interior. A signal transduction in biology is a cellular mechanism. Signals…

A ligand is a biochemical substance. It is a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose. Its function is…

In the parasitic genus Rafflesia, Rafflesia arnoldii is a species of flowering plant. It is parasitic on members of the Tetrastigma genus (in the grape…

Tendril, a plant organ specializing in anchoring and protecting vine stems in botany. It is a specialized threadlike shaped stem, leaf, or petiole that is…

Medical Toxicology is a field of medicine dedicated to the evaluation and treatment of poisoned and envenomated patients. It is the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention…

Human performance toxicology is a division of forensic toxicology dealing with substances that are typically taken to improve athletic performance. It is the study of…

Toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of drugs and chemicals on biological systems. Forensic toxicology is the use of toxicology and disciplines such…

Environmental toxicology – a study of the harmful effects of various agents on living organisms Environmental Toxicology is the study of the effects of chemicals…

Forensic entomology is the study of insects/arthropods in a criminal investigation. It is the study of insect biology as it relates to societal problems that…

An exotoxin is a toxin secreted by bacteria. It is a toxin released by a living bacterial cell into its surroundings. An exotoxin can cause…

Microbial toxins are chemical substances that are produced by microorganisms. They are toxins produced by micro-organisms, including bacteria and fungi. They can occur naturally in…

Cyanotoxins are toxins produced by bacteria called cyanobacteria. It also referred to as blue-green algae, are microscopic organisms that live primarily in fresh water and…