Biology

Trans-endocytosis is the biological process by which material produced in one cell is endocytosed (enters) into another cell. If the material is large enough, this…

Phagocytosis is a critical cellular process that allows certain cells to engulf and consume solid particles such as bacteria, cellular debris, or other foreign particles.…

The placental microbiome refers to the nonpathogenic, commensal bacteria that are thought to be present in a healthy human placenta, as opposed to the bacteria…

Changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence are referred to as epigenetics. Environmental factors and lifestyle choices can…

The human virome is a collection of viruses that live in the human body. It refers to the total number of viruses found in and…

The human microbiome is a collection of trillions of microorganisms that live in various parts of the human body, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other…

Nuclear atypia is characterized by the abnormal appearance of cell nuclei. It refers to changes in the size, shape, and appearance of cell nuclei within…

Anaplasia is a loss of differentiation in cells that causes them to become more primitive or undifferentiated. It is a condition in which cells lose…

Forensic science is a multidisciplinary field that involves the investigation and resolution of crimes using scientific principles and techniques. It is also known as criminalistics,…

Endogenous viral elements ((EVEs) are remnants of ancient viral infections that have become ingrained in the genome of an organism. EVE is a virus-derived DNA…

The variability in genetic material within a population is referred to as genetic variance. It is a concept outlined in the fundamental theorem of natural…

The human genome is a complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and…