Science

Psychoacoustics is a branch of psychophysics that studies sound perception and audiology, or how the human auditory system interprets different sounds. It is concerned with…

Shiga toxins are a series of similar toxins divided into two primary families, Stx1 and Stx2, which are expressed by genes thought to be found…

Dinotoxins are a class of poisons produced by flagellated, aquatic, unicellular protists known as dinoflagellates. Hardy and Wallace created the term “dinoflagellate toxins” in 2012…

Human-caused earthquakes, known as induced seismicity, have become a growing issue. These events may occur during fluid injection or extraction in oil or gas reservoirs,…

Ribosomes are complex molecular machineries found in all cells that catalyze protein synthesis. They help to translate messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins by combining transfer…

Bacterial phyla are broad categories of bacteria based on genetic similarity and evolutionary history. It is one of the most important lineages in the Bacteria…

An atmospheric lake, also known as a cloud lake or cloud reservoir, is a conceptual word that describes the phenomena in which clouds, particularly stratocumulus…

Biomagnification, also known as bioamplification or biological magnification, refers to the increase in the concentration of a substance, such as a pesticide, in the tissues…

Scientists Jim Watson and Alexey Olovnikov independently discovered a flaw in the way human DNA is duplicated half a century ago. The end-replication problem is…

The Seattle fault zone is a network of shallow faults that cut through Puget Sound’s lowlands, threatening to cause devastating earthquakes for the city’s more…

Hydrogeology is a field of geology that studies underground water flows and the distribution of groundwater in the Earth’s crustal soil and rocks. The phrases…

The Earth’s structure is often classified into layers depending on its composition and physical qualities. An earth structure is a building or other construction constructed…