Earth Systems Overview
The Earth is a system consisting of four major interacting components: the atmosphere, the biosphere, the hydrosphere and the geosphere. Earth Systems Overview is the study of how the four spheres…
Geography
What is El Nino?
El Nino means warming of sea surface waters in the eastern Pacific Ocean caused by slowing of Pacific gyre. “Warm phase”, occurs every 3-7 years. The shift…
Lecture on Cloud Formation
General purpose of this lecture is to present on Cloud Formation. Formation of Clouds. Clouds are formed when air containing water vapor is cooled below a critical…
How Lightning Works?
Lightning transfers electrons from the atmosphere to Earth. Electrons build up in clouds because wind causes them to rub together (Charging by friction). The negative charges in…
Presentation on Hurricanes
Hurricanes are severe tropical storms that form in the southern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Hurricanes gather heat…
Snowflake Symmetry: Rotations and Translations in Nature
This lecture introduce on Snowflake Symmetry: Rotations and Translations in Nature. Snowflakes are all six sided because of their chemistry. They are made of water molecules. Water molecules are…
Lecture on Lightning
Principle objective of this lecture is to present on Lightning. The action of rising and descending air within a thunderstorm separates positive and negative charges. Water and ice…
Earth’s Weather: Oceans and Air Temperature
This lecture introduce on Earth’s Weather: Oceans and Air Temperature. Here briefly focus on how do oceans affect temperature on land. The ocean plays a fundamental role…
Volcano Monitoring and Hazard Mitigation
Volcanoes can be extremely hazardous natural phenomena. That is why it is important to understand as much as possible about them, in an attempt to…
Lecture on Noxious Gas
Lake Nyos is a crater lake inside a dormant volcano. The lake had become laden with carbon dioxide gas. This gas had suddenly bubbled out of…
Gas Monitoring in Volcano
This lecture introduce on Gas Monitoring in Volcano. Commonly gas output from a volcano increases or changes composition before an eruption. As magma rises to the surface it…
Deformation Monitoring
Principle objective of this lecture is to present on Deformation Monitoring. “Tiltmeters” are used to measure the deformation of the volcano. The tiltmeters measure changes in slope…
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